Genitourinary echinococcosis is an uncommon cyclo-zoonotic disease. It is caused by Echinococcus species. Kidneys are the common target organs in the genitourinary tract. Clinical presentation is usually non-specific. Pre-operative diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. It should be considered in differential diagnosis of cystic mass of genitourinary tract, especially in endemic regions....

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality in the world [1]. The first evidence of TB in men and animals is provided by bone findingsmainly fragments of the vertebra showing the gibbus deformity of Pott disease [2]. The oldest examples of spinal TB was about date of 8000 BC. Because of the symptom variet...

The fibrous capsule of the tunica albuginea surrounds each testis. A break in the integrity of the tunica albuginea represents a “ruptured” testicle, which can be caused by blunt trauma. External to the testicular parenchyma and tunica albuginea is the tunica vaginalis, which envelops each testicle and fastens it to the posterior scrotal wall. The gubernaculum, or scrotal ligament, anchors each...

1522-8401/$ see fro doi:10.1016/j.cpem.20 Genital trauma is commonly seen in boys but rarely results in serious injury necessitating surgical intervention. This article discusses both blunt and penetrating injuries to the penis, urethra, and scrotum. The anatomy, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, and evaluation of each type of injury are discussed. Testicular rupture, urethral d...

Mycobacterium gordonae is frequently isolated from urine, but M gordonae genitourinary disease is rare; the majority of the isolates are commensals. We describe a 40 year old housewife who presented with loin pain, dysuria and frequency. Urine contained excessive pus cells, was sterile on culture and she did not respond to broad spectrum antibiotics. There was repeated isolation of M gordonae f...

Towards the end of the 19th century, Europe turned particular attention to the problem of tuberculosis, at that time the most serious social disease. In the majority of cases, pulmonary tuberculosis had a fatal outcome owing to the lack of effective drugs and methods of treatment. Due to poor sanitary conditions, particularly as regards dwellings, pulmonary tuberculosis was able to spread rapid...

BACKGROUND Birth defects are a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality, and several studies have indicated an increase in the prevalence of birth defects; more recent investigations have suggested that the trends of some defects are increasing in rapidly industrialized areas. This study estimates the prevalence rate and types of birth defects in Korea. METHODS This study used medical i...

Introduction Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases is known to affect human and is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease may be fatal within the 5 years in more than 50% of cases (1). Genitourinary tuberculosis accounts for about 15% of all extra pulmonary tuberculosis; this is usually due to hematogenous spread following primary infection and may involve any portion of genitouri...