The breadth of anatomical and functional diversity among amniote external genitalia has led to uncertainty about the evolutionary origins of the phallus. In several lineages, including the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, adults lack an intromittent phallus, raising the possibility that the amniote ancestor lacked external genitalia and reproduced using cloacal apposition. Accordingly, a phallus m...

sent with normal male external genitalia, the vast majority will appear phenotypically female or have ambiguous genitalia (table 1). The majority of cases of the Denys-Drash syndrome with any one of these three phenotypes of their external genitalia will have a normal male karyotype. The relative paucity of cases with a female karyotype may be because of underdiagnosis of the syndrome in phenot...

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) atacamensis, a new species in the subgenus Nyssorhynchus, is described and validated using morphological characters of the male and female adult, male genitalia and immature stages. Molecular characterization employing sequences of the ITS2 rDNA and COI mtDNA are provided. The new taxon is compared with Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) pictipennis (Philippi) from central Chil...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of intralesional injection of verapamil in Peyronie's plaque with confirmed lesion. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was carried out between March 2005 and March 2006 on 16 patients with Peyronie's disease who were referred to the Urology Clinic of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital in Khorram Abad, Iran. Performing a comprehensive physical exam, the genitalia o...

OBJECTIVE To report the management of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), a recently described intraretinal neovascular lesion occurring in age-related macular degeneration. METHODS This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients with age-related macular degeneration who underwent treatment of RAP from January 1, 2000, through January 31, 2003. Inclusion criteria were age 55 year...

A 50-year-old man was referred for subacute intracranial hypertension. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed lesion in the posterior fossa that was hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging (figure 1, A and E). Cerebral blood volume map and sequential postcontrast T1-weighted images showed progressive increase in the homogeneity of the contrast enhancement, indicati...