During sexual transmission of HIV in women, the first cells likely to be infected are submucosal CD4(+) T cells and dendritic cells of the lower genital tract. HIV is segregated from these target cells by an epithelial cell layer that can be bypassed even when healthy and intact. To understand how HIV penetrates this barrier, we identified a host protein, gp340, that is expressed on genital epi...

INTRODUCTION The changing epidemiology of genital herpes in Edinburgh is described in relation to herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 1 and herpes simplex virus Type 2 infection over a period of 14 years. METHODS 2018 episodes of genital herpes in 1794 patients over a 14 year period were assessed. Data on age, sex, sexual orientation, geographical origin and herpes antibodies were also analysed. ...

Rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV) is a mucosatropic papillomavirus which naturally infects oral mucosal sites of domestic rabbits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rabbit genital mucosa is also susceptible to ROPV infection by using the athymic mouse xenograft system and adult immunocompetent rabbits. Subrenal xenografts of ROPV-infected rabbit vulvar and penile sheath tissues were ...

Tuberculous infection of the female genitalia flight occur either as a primary affection of the local site, or as a part of a general infection, the original lesion being in some other organ. Primary genital tuberculosis israre, the commonestcause being secondary infection of the genital tract, either through the blood, lymphatics, or the peritoneum. Hence incidence of genital tuberculosis in t...

Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be influenced by systemic immunity. Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is not fully elucidated what exactly occurs after HIV contact with the female genital tract mucosa. The sexual route is the main route of HIV transmission, with an increased risk of infection in women compared to men. Several ch...

To examine the risks of genital herpes and antiherpes treatment during pregnancy in relation to preterm delivery (PTD), we conducted a multicenter, member-based cohort study within 4 Kaiser Permanente regions: northern and southern California, Colorado, and Georgia. The study included 662,913 mother-newborn pairs from 1997 to 2010. Pregnant women were classified into 3 groups based on genital h...

About 1 in 5 sexually active adults in the United States has serologic evidence of genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus type-2. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection is a serious consequence of genital herpes infection. Herpes infection in neonates causes significant morbidity and neurologic damage and generally has a case-fatality ratio untreated of 60%. It is estimated that 440 to ...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis causes alterations and lesions in the genital system, which leads to azoospermia and testicular atrophy in animals during the chronic phase of the infection. The aim of this study was to reveal the kinetics of Leishmania chagasi infection in the genital system of male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). METHODS Animals were intraperitoneally inoculated with amasti...

There have been several important advances in the range of available diagnostic tests for genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in recent years; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is emerging in routine clinical use and the potential role of type specific serological tests is currently under debate. Several large trials of prophylactic vaccines, subsequently proved to be ineffective, have e...

PURPOSE To determine if the presence of infectious agents in vaginal or cervical content can alter the results of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) test and the measurement of cervical length (CC) by transvaginal ultrasonography. METHODS A total of 107 pregnant women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth were submitted to the phIGFBP-1 test and to measurement ...