The application of Genetic programming to civil engineering design problems is relatively new. This paper both describes and demonstrates how by using a suitable form of representation based on graph networks, GP can be applied to structural design problems to produce solutions that offer significant improvements over traditional GA based methods. The paper concludes by presenting the direction...

This paper seeks to examine the ethical questions surrounding the intentional manipulation of genes to achieve phenotypic modifications in humans. It is not concerned with distributive justice or the ethics of research, but rather with the debate over whether the technology of genetic engineering itself, once it is to a reasonable level proven both safe and effective, is ethical to use. The stu...

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and the pharmaceutical implications are vast: for example, the development of a widely used type of antihypertensive agent, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, derived from snake venom research. Grenard is to be commended on his succinct thoroughness and attention to detail. Every organism is identified by its common and taxonomic name. Facts are quantitative rather than qualitative where...

This paper presents experiments with genetically engineered feature sets for recognition of on-line handwritten characters. These representations stem from a nondescript decomposition of the character frame into a set of rectangular regions, possibly overlapping, each represented by a vector of 7 fuzzy variables. Efficient new feature sets are automatically discovered using genetic programming ...

Since livestock were first domesticated, humans have been selecting particular phenotypes as mating stock for each new generation. As a result, humans have been selecting for combinations of alleles that result in animals that better meet our needs: increased production, disease resistance, docility, and so forth. As purpose-bred animals became standard in animal agriculture, breeds began to di...