The reading for Friday’s class is a seminal wireless research paper. What makes this paper especially interesting experimentally is that while it is astoundingly careful, deep, and complete, ultimately one of the major conclusions of the paper turns out to be incorrect. Furthermore, this error is due to a mistake in the experimental methodology. This document explains the error and provides eno...

The cellular mechanism of toxicity of arsenic includes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) (De Vizcaya-Ruiz et al., 2009). Indeed, sperm are highly sensitive to the action of ROS due to the large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids that compose their plasma membrane (Golden et al., 1999). Furthermore, due to sperm morphology, they have a very scarce cytoplasm, so that the amount of antio...

Studies on biped robots have attracted interest due to such problems as inherent poor stability and the cooperation of a large degree of freedom. Furthermore, recent advanced technology, including hardware and software, allows these problems to be tackled, accelerating the interest. Actually, many sophisticated biped robots have already been developed that have successfully achieved such variou...

Micro- and nanostructures with three-dimensional (3D) shapes are needed for a variety of applications in optics and fluidics where structures with both smooth and sharp features enhance the performance and functionality. We present a novel method for the generation of true 3D surfaces based on thermally activated selective topography equilibration (TASTE). This technique allows generating almos...

Snail1 and Zeb1 are E-cadherin-transcriptional repressors induced during epithelialmesenchymal-transition (EMT). In this article we have analyzed the factors controlling Zeb1 expression during EMT. In NMuMG cells treated with TGF-β, Snail1 RNA and protein are induced one hour after addition of the cytokine preceeding Zeb1 up-regulation that requires six to eight hours. Zeb1 gene expression is c...

Despite significant research focused on running robots, very little progress has been made towards legged robots that are capable of climbing in natural environments. Unlike their running counterparts, climbing robots must generate hand or foot holds capable of pulling them toward the substrate. The majority of efforts to develop climbing robots have been for urban settings with smooth glass or...

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We investigated the renal response to direct renal nerve stimulation, 2 weeks following reversal of 24-hr unilateral (left) ureteric obstruction. Renal nerve stimulation caused a 13-15% fall in renal blood flow, in 4 groups of anaesthetised rats following ureteric obstruction (n=9) or a sham operation (n=7) both with (n=9) and without (n=7) treatment with the mixed ETA/B receptor antagonist, bo...

We thank Schimek for his thoughtful letter. We agree that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) encourages bike paths; however, AASHTO’s definition of a bike path is a shared use path for pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair users, joggers, and other nonmotorized users. AASHTO discourages bicycle-only cycle tracks because, as noted by Schimek, AASHTO discou...