BACKGROUND Optic neuritis (ON) in patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG antibodies has been associated with a better clinical outcome than anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4)- IgG ON. Average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) correlates with visual outcome after ON. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether anti-MOG-IgG ON is associated with better averag...

BACKGROUND Analyses of multicenter studies often need to account for center clustering to ensure valid inference. For binary outcomes, it is particularly challenging to properly adjust for center when the number of centers or total sample size is small, or when there are few events per center. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of generalized estimating equation (GEE) log-binomial an...

Neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system contributes substantially to the long term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, in vivo determination and monitoring of neurodegeneration remain difficult. As the widely used MRI-based approaches, including the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) have some limitations, complementary in vivo measures for neurodegeneration ar...

radiographic evaluation of the third molar tooth to determine its position and degree of development is an important part in diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as in forensic dentistry procedures. the objective was to investigate the developmental stages of third molars in relation to chronologic age, gender and location (maxillary/mandibular) in an iranian population.the data were colle...

This paper focuses on the bias of the group sequential estimate of treatment effect for correlated data using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method and the Lan and DeMets alpha-spending function. Linear and logistic regressions are used to examine (a) the magnitude of the bias of a sequential estimate with correlated data; (b) the influence of the true correlation structure on bias. ...

We will discuss power and sample size estimation for randomized placebo controlled studies in which the primary inference is based on the interaction of treatment and time in a linear mixed effects model (Laird and Ware, 1982). We will demonstrate how the sample size formulas of (Liu and Liang, 1997) for marginal or model fit by generalized estimating equation (GEE) (Zeger and Liang, 1986) can ...

Establishing and characterizing exposure-biomarker relationships is an important problem in molecular epidemiology. The problem is difficult due to several complicating features, namely, the biomarker response is a nonlinear function of exposure and unknown parameters; variation in exposure and biomarker levels occurs both within and between subjects; and errors tend to be heteroscedastic. To o...

(1) Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of myopia treatment in children using atropine 0.125% once every two nights (QON) compared with night (HS). (2) Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records groups myopia. Group 1 comprised treated QON, while group 2 included HS. The first 6 months data outcome measurements were subtracted as washout periods those undergoing both QON...

We investigate whether relative contributions of genetic and shared environmental factors are associated with an increased risk in melanoma. Data from the Queensland Familial Melanoma Project comprising 15,907 subjects arising from 1912 families were analyzed to estimate the additive genetic, common and unique environmental contributions to variation in the age at onset of melanoma. Two complem...

Abstract Objective: Literature regarding the association between presence and persistence of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) impairments is inconsistent. Therefore, we examined whether SCCs status (no/non-persistent/persistent SCCs), predicted risk developing incident Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: Participants were dementia-free community-residing older adults. We assessed at...