When the process underlying DNA substitutions varies across evolutionary history, some standard Markov models underlying phylogenetic methods are mathematically inconsistent. The most prominent example is the general time-reversible model (GTR) together with some, but not all, of its submodels. To rectify this deficiency, nonhomogeneous Lie Markov models have been identified as the class of mod...

Abstract INTRODUCTION Cancer care in medically underserved areas (MUA) is challenging and not widely reported. This report seeks to characterize the outcomes of female patients with brain metastases from breast, ovarian, cervical, endometrial cancer who underwent surgical resection an MUA. METHODS Our institution’s electronic medical record was queried for a craniotomy 2013-2022. All metastasis...

OBJECT With recent advances in the adjuvant treatment of malignant brain astrocytomas, it is increasingly debated whether extent of resection affects survival. In this study, the authors investigate this issue after primary and revision resection of these lesions. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 1215 patients who underwent surgery for malignant brain astrocytomas (Wo...

Goal number 12 of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is sustainable consumption and productions. Recycling has a central role in assuring to meet target 2030. Only EU, annual total waste spent tire 3.7 million tons [1]; it impelling find way recycle this material. This article investigates feasibility use ground rubber (GTR) as feedstock injection molding by blending with polypropyl...

McPherson, Guy R.; Weltzin, Jake F. Disturbance and climate change in United States/Mexico borderland plant communities: a state-of-the-knowledge review. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-50. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 24 p. This review evaluates the effects and importance of disturbance and climate change on plant community dynamic...

Polymer membranes have been widely used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). In this review, various commercially available membranes are described. Much attention is paid to the recent development of biodegradable polymers applied in GTR and GBR, and the important issues of biodegradable polymeric membranes, including their classification, latest experimental...

The Gamow-Teller resonances (GTR) and isobaric analog states (IAS) of a sequence of even-even Sn target nuclei are calculated by using the framework of the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model plus proton-neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation. The calculation reproduces the experimental data on ground-state properties, as well as the excitation energies of the isovector excitations....

In this paper I argue that to understand minded agency – the capacity we typically find instantiated in instances of human behaviour that could sensibly be questioned by asking “What did you do?” – one needs to understand childhood, i.e. the trajectory of learning to act. I discuss two different types of trajectory, both of which seem to take place during childhood and both of which might be co...

One of the most important indications for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment is class II furcation lesion. However, periodontal regeneration of this type of defect, although possible, is not considered totally predictable, especially in terms of complete bone fill. Many factors may account for variability in the response to regenerative therapy in class II furcation. The purpose of this...