In cardiac myocytes, LTCCs (L-type calcium channels) form a functional signalling complex with ryanodine receptors at the JM (junctional membrane). Although the specific localization of LTCCs to the JM is critical for excitation-contraction coupling, their targeting mechanism is unclear. Transient transfection of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-α(1S) or GFP-α(1C), but not P/Q-type calcium chann...

The effective management of chronic pain remains enigmatic. There is a paucity of effective mechanistically-based approaches employed. Chronic visceral pain is a particularly difficult subcategory to manage. Glutamate is the most predominant excitatory neurotransmitter and mediates many aspects of sensory function including acute and chronic pain. There is a growing literature describing the ef...

The neurotransmitter glutamate is a major player in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Glutamate receptors are responsible for fast excitatory neurotransmission underlying the sensory, motor and cognitive functions of the nervous system. However, overstimulation of these receptors, and in particular those of the NMDA receptor subtype, is associated with neuronal death in acute ...

We present a General Linear Camera (GLC) model that unifies many previous camera models into a single representation. The GLC model is capable of describing all perspective (pinhole), orthographic, and many multiperspective (including pushbroom and two-slit) cameras, as well as epipolar plane images. It also includes three new and previously unexplored multiperspective linear cameras. Our GLC m...

Sublethal ischemia leads to increased tolerance against subsequent prolonged cerebral ischemia in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the astrocytic glutamate (Glu) transporter GLT-1 in preconditioning (PC)-induced neuronal ischemic tolerance in cortical neuron/astrocyte co-cultures. Ischemia in vitro was simulated by subjecting cultures to both oxygen and glucose deprivati...

‎second derivative general linear methods (sglms) as an extension‎ ‎of general linear methods (glms) have been introduced to improve‎ ‎the stability and accuracy properties of glms‎. ‎the coefficients of‎ ‎sglms are given by six matrices‎, ‎instead of four matrices for‎ ‎glms‎, ‎which are obtained by solving nonlinear systems of order and‎ ‎usually runge--kutta stability conditions‎. ‎in this p...

in this paper, we consider the construction of a new class ofnumerical methods based on the backward differentiation formulas(bdfs) that be equipped by including two off--step points. werepresent these methods from general linear methods (glms) pointof view which provides an easy process to improve their stabilityproperties and implementation in a variable stepsize mode. thesesuperiorities are ...

In this paper, we design an attractivealgorithm aiming to classify moving targets includinghuman, animal, vehicle and drone, at groundsurveillance radar systems. The non-stationary reflectedsignal of the targets is represented with a novelmathematical framework based on behavior of thesignal components in reality. We further propose usingthe generalized linear chirp transform for the analysisst...