The purpose of the study was: (1) to test if the reindeer mammary gland (udder) could tolerate regular long-term machine milking, (2) to record milk yield of reindeer exposed to regular long-term machine milking and (3) to document changes in milk composition through a 3 months experimental period (July, August and September 1999). Adult female reindeer were allotted to four groups of four. Tre...

We have previously demonstrated that the bHLH/PAS transcription factor, singleminded 2s (Sim2s), is required for proper mammary ductal morphogenesis and luminal epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, loss of Sim2s in breast cancer cells resulted in downregulation of epithelial markers and acquisition of a basal-like phenotype. The objective of this study was to further define the role of Sim2...

The mammary gland represents a unique tissue to study organogenesis as it predominantly develops in the post-natal animal and undergoes dramatic morphogenetic changes during puberty and the reproductive cycle. The physiological function of the mammary gland is to produce milk to sustain the newborn. Here we view the lactating gland through three-dimensional confocal imaging of intact tissue. We...

Suchyta, Steven P., Sue Sipkovsky, Robert G. Halgren, Rachael Kruska, Michael Elftman, Miriam Weber-Nielsen, Michael J. Vandehaar, Lan Xiao, Robert J. Tempelman, and Paul M. Coussens. Bovine mammary gene expression profiling using a cDNA microarray enhanced for mammary-specific transcripts. Physiol Genomics 16: 8–18, 2004. First published October 14, 2003; 10.1152/ physiolgenomics.00028.2003.—A...

The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are differentially expressed throughout mammary gland development and interact with binding sites within the promoter of a milk protein gene, beta-casein. The specific roles of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPalpha in mouse mammary gland development and differentiation have been investigated in mice that carry targeted deletions of these genes. C/EBPbeta-/- virgi...

Large amounts of calcium are transferred to offspring by milk. This demand results in negative calcium balance in lactating mothers and is associated with rapid bone loss. The mechanisms of bone loss during lactation are only partly understood. Several studies have suggested that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) might be secreted into the circulation by the lactating mammary gland an...

Nine multiparous (250 +/- 6 d in milk) and 3 primiparous (204 +/- 6 d in milk) Holstein cows were utilized in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to evaluate the lactation performance of cows fed a diet containing dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) with either corn silage or alfalfa hay as forage. Cows were fed total mixed diets containing corn silage (CS), 50% corn silage and 50% alfalfa hay...

The mammary gland of the lactating mouse synthesizes and secretes milk lipid equivalent to its entire body weight in a single 20-day lactation cycle, making it one of the most active lipid synthetic organs known. We test the hypothesis that multiple control points and potential regulatory mechanisms regulate milk lipid synthesis at the level of gene expression. The mammary transcriptome of 130 ...

the aim of this experiment was evaluating effect of fish oil versus palm oil on mammary gland health and milk production in holstein cows. ten multiparous holstein cows were used from six week before up to 63 days after parturition. feed intake and milk production were recorded daily, milk composition, body weight and body condition score were measured weekly and blood metabolites were determin...

Title of Document: REGULATION OF MILK FAT SYNTHESIS BY DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ANIL KUMAR G. KADEGOWDA PhD. 2008 Directed By: Professor, Dr. RICHARD ERDMAN, Dept. of Animal and AvianSciences, UMCP. The objectives of this thesis research were to determine the molecular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids (FA) regulate lipogenic gene expression and milk fat synthesis. Principal component and mult...