Commitment Problems and Shifting Power as a Cause of Conflict Robert Powell Decades ahead of his time, Thomas Schelling emphasized that “most conflict situations are essentially bargaining situations” (Schelling 1960, 5). Building on this, formal work on the causes of war in political science since the mid-1990s has generally framed the problem in terms of an “inefficiency puzzle” akin to Hick’...

One of the most striking and most important developments in American moral discourse on uses of military force over the past forty-odd years has been the recovery and practical use of the idea of just war to guide moral analysis and judgment. As a result, various forms of just war discourse can be found today in religious, philosophical, military, political, and legal contexts, and while there ...

This paper presents the Finite Element (FE) analyses carried out with aim to predict tooth root fatigue and Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) behavior of spur gears, in terms crack propagation maximum number cycles. The combination different materials, i.e. steel titanium, surface treatments, case-hardening application layers by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), are investigated. residual stresses i...

The paper presents the cutting by generating of spur gears using a rack cutter with modified geometry. In order to find geometry new gears, proper programme has been developed. this gear is compared one same parameters but obtained standard cutter. differences between two are insignificant tool simpler and higher durability.

Due to ignoring the effects of change tooth attachment position caused by cracks, traditional time vary mesh stiffness (TVMS) calculation models and dynamic simulations for cracked gears will lose their precision in body crack case. To address this shortcoming, a new analytical TVMS model gear considering tip relief (TR) is developed based on proposed variable-angle deformation energy integrati...

Abstract The article presents a comprehensive study on the tooth bending strength of spur gears with progressive curved path contact, or so-called S-gears. Systematic gear meshing simulations were conducted to effects S-gear geometry parameters strength. Different geometries analysed in systematically organized manner, and comparison was made against standard 20° pressure angle involute shape. ...

With ever shorter development times and market demands on overall system performance such as efficiency, reliability and low maintenance, accurate predictive tools are necessary and gear drives prove to be no exception. All these characteristics have an impact on a process which has remained a riddle: running-in. Even though no consensus on a definition of this phenomena is readily available, t...

The technology of thermocyclic treatment fine‑module gears has been improved, which makes it possible to increase their wear resistance by 30–40 %. Gears were subjected preliminary cyclic heating and subsequent impulse hardening. In all cases hardening, a martensitic structure is formed, provides high rigidity the material. sizes plates depend on temperature during quenching. During heat up 450...