The development of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines has provided a strong alternative to port fuel injection engines as they offer increased power output and better fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions. However, particulate matter (PM) emission reduction from GDI still remains a challenge that needs to be addressed in order to fulfil the increasingly stricter environmental regulatio...

Invadopodia are specialized membrane protrusions composed of F-actin, actin regulators, signaling proteins, and a dynamically trafficked invadopodial membrane that drive cell invasion through basement membrane (BM) barriers in development and cancer. Due to the challenges of studying invasion in vivo, mechanisms controlling invadopodia formation in their native environments remain poorly unders...

The work presented here, demonstrates the on-board exhaust assisted catalytic ammonia (NH3) conversion to H2-N2 using either only heat (decomposition) or by direct reaction with part of gas (reforming). resultant mixture from driven thermochemical energy recovery processes contains up 15% more than reactant NH3 (i.e. for 1 kW used in 1.15 H2 is produced). Experimental studies a rhodium-platinum...

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Studies have shown that in sheared E×B flows an inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma, the gradient drift (GDI) or Kelvin–Helmholtz (KHI) instability may grow. This work examines conditions cause one of these instabilities to dominate over other using a novel model study localized instabilities. The effect collisions with neutral particles plays important role development. It is found KHI dominant l...

During certain operating conditions in spark-ignited direct injection engines (GDI), the injected fuel will be superheated and begin to rapidly vaporize. Fast vaporization can beneficial for fuel–oxidizer mixing subsequent combustion, but it poses risk of spray collapse. In this work, collapse is numerically investigated a single hole G eight-hole injector an engine combustion network (ECN). Re...

Data Warehouses are decisional information artifacts that are embedded in the organizations that create/maintain them. Therefore, Data Warehouse Requirements Engineering must start from goals and work its way to the decisional information needed to take decisions that fulfils these goals. We propose two associations, the goal-decision association and the decision-information association to repr...