The gastrointestinal (GI) peptide gastrin is an important regulator of the release of gastric acid from the stomach parietal cells and it also plays an important role in growth of the gastrointestinal tract. It has become apparent that gastrin and its related peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) are also significantly involved with growth of GI cancers as well as other malignancies through activation ...

Gastrin stimulates transcription of the human histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene through binding to the G-protein-coupled cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor. We have explored the possibility that mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades play a role in mediating the effects of gastrin on transcription in a gastric cancer (AGS-B) cell line. Gastrin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treat...

BACKGROUND The duration of antacid-induced hypergastrinemia after cessation of administration of omeprazole and famotidine apparently has not been determined in dogs. HYPOTHESIS That serum gastrin will return to basal concentrations by 7 days after cessation of famotidine or omeprazole administration. ANIMALS Nine healthy, adult, male, research colony dogs. METHODS Randomized, cross-over ...

The less processed forms of gastrin have recently been shown to act as trophic factors for both normal and malignant colonic cells. Although incompletely processed forms of gastrin such as glycine-extended gastrin and progastrin are also expressed in human lung cancers, the clinical significance of this expression has not been addressed. Consequently, we investigated the effects of overexpressi...

The gastrointestinal hormone gastrin has been shown to stimulate the growth of normal colonic mucosa. To examine for a possible role of gastrin in the proliferation of cultured colon tumor cells, we have studied the effects of two gastrin receptor antagonists, proglumide and benzotript, and of antibodies to gastrin. We find that proglumide (50% effective concentration, 2 to 5 mM) and benzotript...

The effect of bombesin, a possible neurotransmitter of gastrin release, upon gastrin and gastric acid secretion was investigated in 25 patients with duodenal ulcer and in 16 normal subjects. In patients with duodenal ulcer bombesin (10 ng/kg/min) produced an increase in plasma gastrin output (median 22.4 (range 7.5-75.8) pmol/l/min) similar to that obtained in normal subjects (median 24.4 (rang...

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori elicited IL1B is one of the various modulators responsible for perturbation of acid secretion in gut. We have earlier reported that IL1B activated NFkB downregulates gastrin, a major modulator of acid secretion. However, we hypothesized that regulation of gastrin by IL1B would depend on the cell's ability to integrate inputs from multiple signaling pathways to gen...

Mice lacking the cholecystokinin (CCK)-B/gastrin receptor have been generated by targeted gene disruption. The roles of this receptor in controlling gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal growth have been assessed. The analysis of homozygous mutant mice vs. wild type included measurement of basal gastric pH, plasma gastrin concentrations as well as quantification of gastric mucosal cell typ...

In an effort to identify and characterize precursors of gastrin in tissues, we generated region-specific antisera against a synthetic progastrin peptide, Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-Gly-Arg-Arg (GL9), as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of gastrin mRNA. This antisera did not cross-react with gastrin or progastrin peptides with shorter carboxyl-terminal extensions. Progastrin-like imnunoreactivi...

The peptide hormone gastrin was long believed to be specific for higher vertebrates, whereas its homologue, cholecystokinin (CCK), has been assumed to represent the original ancestor of the CCK/gastrin family. To trace the divergence of the CCK/gastrin family beyond birds, reptiles, and amphibians we have now examined sharks. Distinct CCK and gastrin peptides were identified in two shark specie...