I won’t say much about point (1.) at this stage, we will talk more about it on the day we discuss the results of the problem set. I might only say that the US is rather unusual in having quite low taxes on gasoline and therefore has quite low gasoline prices and relatively high per-capita gasoline demand. See the chart reproduced from the Economist. We have several basic formulations of the the...

Gasoline-powered vehicles produce many negative externalities including congestion, air pollution, global climate change, and accidents. A gasoline tax is perhaps the best policy to jointly address these externalities. This paper calculates the optimal gasoline tax for China. Using a model developed by Parry and Small [1] [2], we calculate the optimal adjusted Pigovian tax in China to be $1.58/...

background: exposure to organic solvents is common among workers. objective: to assess neurobehavioral effects of long-term exposure to organic solvents among rubber workers in tehran, iran. methods: across-sectional study was conducted on 223 employees of a rubber industry. the participants completed a data collection sheet on their occupational and medical history, and demographic characteris...

Hybrid molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-MXene (Ti3C2) was added as an additive in SAE 5W-40-based engine oil attempt to reduce interfacial friction between contact surfaces. It found that the coefficient of (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD) were reduced by 13.9% 23.8%, respectively, with addition 0.05 wt.% MoS2-Ti3C2 compared base due interlaminar shear susceptibility MXene. However, we postulate h...

Calculations are described of knock suppression using direct ethanol injection in spark ignition gasoline/ethanol engines. The calculations show that evaporative cooling from direct ethanol injection, coupled with the high octane rating of ethanol, can be highly effective in inhibiting knock, thereby allowing use of small turbocharged engines with substantially increased efficiency. The calcula...

There have been a number of gasoline specifications that have changed or have been considered for change in the past few years. The most prominent of these changes has been summer volatility restrictions, wintertime oxygenated fuel requirements, and reformulated gasoline requirements which incorporate year-round oxygenate requirements and summertime emission requirements. For reasons described ...

Exposure to the aromatic hydrocarbon is a public health problem and threat to environment with proven harmful impact on humanity, including industrial workers and general population. Petrol station attendants are workers chronically exposed at least five year to petroleum derivatives primarily through inhalation of the volatile fraction of petrol during vehicle refueling. Significant include ha...

This paper presents the effects of introducing hydrogen with gasoline on the engine performance like power, torque and efficiency of spark ignition (SI) engine. Hydrogen is found to be one of the important energy substitutes of the future era. Hydrogen as a renewable energy source provides the potential for a sustainable development, particularly in the automotive and energy storing sector. Hyd...

Oil leakage causes soil contamination and induces changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils. In areas contaminated with oil products such as gasoline, the implementation of civilian operations requires determination and prediction of soil behavior in the existing conditions. In this research work, the effect of oil contamination by gasoline obtained from the National Oil Compan...

In this paper, the relation among factors in the road transportation sector from March, 2005 to March, 2011 is analyzed. Most of the previous studies have economical point of view on gasoline consumption. Here, a new approach is proposed in which different data mining techniques are used to extract meaningful relations between the aforementioned factors. The main and dependent factor is gasolin...