Carbon monoxide is a component of motor vehicle exhaust fumes, provided a functional catalytic converter is not present. This gas binds avidly to the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells preventing its oxygen transport function, effectively poisoning the body by starving it of oxygen. In binding to hemoglobin, carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin, which has a characteristic bright pink col...

Catalytic reforming is a promising technology for the removal of tar from syngas. However, due to presence other impurities such as H2S, HCl, HBr, siloxanes, alkali metals, and NH3, lifetime, activity, stability commonly used Ni-based catalysts limited. This review investigates recent findings related poisoning effects both common under-researched syngas on nickel achievements in synthesis pois...

Hydrogen is a major component of interstellar space and the fuel that sustains the stars. However, it is seldom regarded as a therapeutic gas. A recent study provided evidence that hydrogen inhalation exerted antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and protected the brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury by selectively reducing hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. It has been known that the me...

Nerve agents are organophosphate compounds similar to those used as pesticides but with much higher toxicity. They all block the activity of the enzyme acetylcholine esterase. Victims are intoxicated by absorption of the toxin via exposed skin or, more commonly, via inhalation of the poisonous gas. The resultant clinical picture is of hyperstimulation of both the nicotinic and muscarinic cholin...

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from coal and gas heaters is a public health concern in Turkey. This study estimated the prevalence, mortality rate and clinical predictors of severity of CO poisoning cases treated at the emergency unit of the Uludağ University Medical School, Bursa from 1996 to 2006. Of 305 patients treated over a 10-year period, only 1 case was recorded as suicide. The CO sourc...

An outbreak of cholinergic poisoning occurred in New York City during a 3-day period. Seven individuals from three families of South American origin were affected. Signs and symptoms of illness included dry skin, hyperthermia, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation, and hallucinations. Onset of illness in all cases was temporally associated with consumption of a tea that was labeled "Paraguay T...

The theory of statistical-mechanical lattice-gas modeling of adsorption is reviewed and shown to be applicable to a range of electrochemical problems dominated by effective, lateral adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. A general strategy for applying the method to specific systems is outlined, which includes microscopic model formulation, calculation of zero-temperature phase diagrams, numerical c...

Tripterygium wilfordii (Hook. f.) is a woody vine of the Celastraceae family, and native to China (south of the Yangtze River), Korea, and Japan, is used in the clinic for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we developed a urine metabolomic method by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate the effect of Tripteryg...