Characterization and evaluation of a biological submerged filter was carried out on a full-scale pilot plant performing removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) from pre-treated urban wastewater. The average influent values of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN were 370, 1,015 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The pilot plant produced good discharge quality during stea...

  This paper aimed at estimation of the per capita consumption of electricity in residential sector based on economic indicators in Iran. The Genetic Algorithm Electricity Demand Model (GAEDM) was developed based on the past data using the genetic algorithm approach (GAA). The economic indicators used during the model development include: gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of per capita and ...

With the reduction of natural gas and petroleum sources and subsequent increases in their costs, energy from coal is becoming increasingly popular. However, coal is not a clean technology, so with this demand comes a demand to make this energy source more environmentally friendly. Trace elements, such as mercury, arsenic, and selenium, are highly volatile and are known to escape into the atmosp...

The growing demand of world food and energy supply increases the threat of global warming due to higher greenhouse gas emissions by agricultural activity. Therefore, it is widely admitted that agriculture must establish a new paradigm in terms of environmental sustainability that incorporate techniques for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. This article addresses to the scientific demand t...

This paper examines the role of fundamentals and speculators for price natural gas market in Europe expressed TTF front month index. The Granger causality test is used to investigate relationship between variables determining supply demand factors as well activities futures contracts held on ICE exchange, data reported by European Securities Markets Authority - ESMA. Existence unidirectional gr...

Natural gas demand in the United States has been increasing for the last 15 years and is projected to grow substantially in the next 20 years. Meeting this growing demand will require an accompanying increase in supply, which is expected to come mostly from additional production in the United States. The prospect of increased U.S. production has led to ongoing efforts both to better assess our ...

Despite existing security standards and security technologies, such as secure hardware, gaps between users’ demand for security and the security offered by a payment system can still remain. These security gaps imply risks for users. In this paper, we introduce a framework for the management of those risks. As a result, we present an instrument enabling users to evaluate eventual risks related ...