the purpose of the this study was to investigate the effect of direct current on montoneuron reflex exitability. thirty six subjects (18 males, 18 females) 19.36 years of age ( x= 24.06, sd= 3.63) participated in this study. the reflex excitability of soleus motoneruons was assessed by measuring the amount of change in the peak to peak ampitude of the h-reflex before and after direct current wa...

Our previous studies identified the 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), a channel mediating release of Ca(2+) from ER stores, as a cellular factor differentially associated with HIV-1 Gag that might facilitate ESCRT function in virus budding. Channel opening requires activation that is initiated by binding of 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), a product of phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated PI(4,5...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag and genomic RNA determinants required for encapsidation are well established, but where and when encapsidation occurs in the cell is unknown. We constructed MS2 phage coat protein labeling systems to track spatial dynamics of primate and nonprimate lentiviral genomic RNAs (HIV-1 and feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]) vis-à-vis their Gag proteins...

Decorin binding protein A (DBPA) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding adhesin found on the surface of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the causative agent of Lyme disease. DBPA facilitates bacterial adherence to extracellular matrices of human tissues and is crucial during the early stage of the infection process. Interestingly, DBPA from different strains (B31, N40, and PBr...

Previously we demonstrated that murine retroviral Gag proteins associate with a cellular motor protein, KIF-4. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we also found an association of KIF-4 with Gag proteins of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Studies performed with mammalian cell systems confirmed that the HIV-1 Ga...

We have investigated the effects of hormones and serum on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, using cultured rat chondrocytes isolated from growing cartilage. Somatomedin A stimulated GAG synthesis at a physiological concentration, however in the case of insulin the dose required to stimulate GAG synthesis was 500 times as great as the physiological concentration. Parathyroid hormone also increa...

INI1/hSNF5/SMARCB1/BAF47 is an HIV-specific integrase (IN)-binding protein that influences HIV-1 transcription and particle production. INI1 binds to SAP18 (Sin3a-associated protein, 18 kDa), and both INI1 and SAP18 are incorporated into HIV-1 virions. To determine the significance of INI1 and the INI1-SAP18 interaction during HIV-1 replication, we isolated a panel of SAP18-interaction-defectiv...

purpose: to evaluate the incidence of the oculo-cardiac reflex (ocr) and its associated risk factors during strabismus surgeries performed at a tertiary referral center between 1390 and 1392. methods: over a 2-year period, all strabismus surgery candidates were enrolled in the study after obtaining consent from the patients or their parents. vital signs were recorded before the initiation of th...

In some retroviruses, such as Rous sarcoma virus and prototype foamy virus, Gag proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and are implicated in nuclear export of the viral genomic unspliced RNA (gRNA) for subsequent encapsidation. A similar function has been proposed for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag based on the identification of nuclear localization...