The infection pattern in Swiss mice and Triatomine bugs (Rhodnius neglectus) of eleven clones and the original stock of a Trypanosoma cruzi isolate, derived from a naturally infected Didelphis marsupialis, were biochemically and biologically characterized. The clones and the original isolate were in the same zymodeme (Z1) except that two clones were found to be in zymodeme 2 when tested with G6...

Reference genes are commonly used for normalization of target gene expression during RT-qPCR analysis. However, no housekeeping genes or reference genes have been identified to be stable across different tissue types or under different experimental conditions. To identify the most suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of target gene expression in the hepatopancreas of crucian carp (Cara...

Brown trouts (Salmo trutta) from four European high mountain lakes (Norway, the Pyrenees,the Alps and the Tatras) were analyzed for metal and organic pollution, histopathologicalabnormalities and biochemical parameters. Fish from all lakes appeared well nourished withconditioning factors close to unity. Their mean age ranged from 4 to 14 years old inGossenköllesee and Vel’ké...

Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH) is a microsomal enzyme that is able to catalyze the first two reactions of an endoluminal pentose phosphate pathway, thereby generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) within the endoplasmic reticulum. It is distinct from the cytosolic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), using a separate pool of NAD(P)+ and capa...

Exposure to drinking water containing as much as 500 ppm aluminum chloride for periods of 30, 60, and 90 days had no apparent effect on male reproductive processes. In an attempt to correlate enzyme activity with particular spermatogenic cell types, postnatal development of testicular enzymes was studied. Eight enzymes were selected: hyaluronidase (H), lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X (LDH-X),...

objective(s): our present study sought to evaluate hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of methanol extract of azolla microphylla phytochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (gnap) in acetaminophen (apap) - induced hepatotoxicity of fresh water common carp fish.materials and methods: gnap were prepared by green synthesis method using methanol extract of azolla microphylla.  twenty four f...

We investigated the effects of nilotinib plus multiagent chemotherapy, followed by consolidation/maintenance or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive (Ph-pos) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Study subjects received induction treatment that comprised concurrent vincristine, daunorubicin, prednisolone, and niloti...

The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat strain (Atp7b m/m), which accumulates copper in the liver due to mutations in the Atp7b gene, is a useful model for investigating the relationship between oxidative stress and hepatocarcinogenesis. To determine the effect of this mutation on oxidative stress marker genes, we performed oligonucleotide array analysis (Affymetrix), and compared the results in Atp7...

In the present study, we aim to define the cytoprotective mechanism of ()schisandrin B [()Sch B] in comparison with other phytochemicals in SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of ()Sch B and curcumin (Cur), resveratrol (Rev) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on -amyloid (A)-induced apoptosis were investigated in SH-SY5Y cells. Cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and peroxide-induced GSH dep...