Extended Abstract Representations of the lower and upper approximations of a set in the context of an approximation space as modal operators in the first order language of modal logics, are quite natural and widely familiar now to the rough-set community. According to the perception of an observer, objects of a universe (of discourse) are clustered. These are the basic information granules (or ...

A transparent conducting film composed of regular networks of silver nanowires is obtained by combining a soft solution process (Tollens' reaction) and nanoimprint lithography. The solution-grown nanowire networks show a threefold higher conductivity than grids obtained by metal evaporation. This is due to the larger grain size in the solution-grown nanowires, which results in a strong reductio...

The process of partitioning bacterial sister chromosomes into daughter cells seems to be distinct from chromatid segregation during eukaryotic mitosis. In Escherichia coli, partitioning starts soon after initiation of replication, when the two newly replicated oriCs move from the cell centre to quarter positions within the cell. As replication proceeds, domains of the compact, supercoiled chrom...

Kainate receptors (KARs), together with AMPA and NMDA, are typically described as ionotropic glutamate receptors. The functions of KARs have begun to be elucidated only in the last decade. Although some the actions of KARs are classically ionotropic, surprisingly others seem to involve the activation of second-messenger cascades and invoke metabotropic roles for this type of glutamate receptor....

Knowledge representation of reasoning processes is a central notion in the field of artificial intelligence, especially for knowledge-based agents, because such representation facilitates knowledge of action outcomes necessary for optimum performance by problem-solving agents in complex situations. Logic is the primary vehicle by which knowledge is represented in knowledge-based agents. It invo...

Ag midnanoparticles (midnanoparticles are those particles whose diameters are in the range from 20 to 80 nm) with average size of 30-50 nm and tunable packing densities were formed on the surface of preformed Tollens-soaked silica spheres by a simple and controlled method. The process mainly involved two steps. In the first step the absorption of Ag(NH3)2(+) ions occurred on the silica spheres ...

Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases. Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of adjuvants is strongly recommended. Since their discovery in the beginning of the 20th century, adjuvants have been used to improve immune responses that ultimately lead to protection against disease. The choice of t...

Considering the instability of nonlinear dynamics, the deductive inference rule Modus ponens itself is not enough to guarantee the validness of reasoning sequence in the real physical world, and from similar cause cannot gain similar result. Some kind of stability hypothesis should be added in order to draw meaningful conclusion. So the uncertainty of deductive inference appears the same as tha...

The potential for application of any nanoparticles, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), is strongly dependent on their stability against aggregation. Therefore, improvement of this parameter is a key task, especially in the case of AgNPs, because a correlation between size and biological activity has been demonstrated. In the present work, a natural stabilizer, gelatin, was investigated for...