SlyA, a MarR family transcriptional regulator, controls an assortment of biological functions in several animal-pathogenic bacteria. In order to elucidate the functions of SlyA in the phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) 3937, a slyA gene deletion mutant (denoted DeltaslyA) was constructed. The mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to sodium hypochlorite, the cationic...

Two emergent properties in aggregation theory are investigated, namely horizontal maxitivity and comonotonic maxitivity (as well as their dual counterparts) which are commonly defined by means of certain functional equations. We completely describe the function classes axiomatized by each of these properties, up to weak versions of monotonicity, in the cases of horizontal maxitivity and minitiv...

We show that the chiral multifold fermions present a dual Haldane sphere problem in momentum space. Owing to Berry monopole at degenerate point, Landau level emerges trace of quantum metric, with which quantized geometric invariant is defined through surface integration. further demonstrate potential manifestations measurable, physical observables. With lower bound derived for finite spread Wan...

Immunity to pathogens exists as a fine balance between promoting activation and expansion of effector cells, while simultaneously limiting normal and aberrant responses. These seemingly opposing functions are kept in check by immune regulators. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that senses nutrient availability and, in turn, regulates cell metabolism, growt...

The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family comprises a group of lipolytic enzymes that typically hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to give rise to fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The mammalian genome encodes more than 50 PLA2s or related enzymes, which are classified into several subfamilies on the basis of their structures and functions. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 family h...

Clinical and experimental studies provide increasing evidence that obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor and that the adipose tissue is not just for regulation of lipid and energy homeostasis. Accordingly, the endocrine secretion of adipose tissue is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Whilst the functions of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue are relatively well ...

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors consist of five distinct subtypes and have been important targets for drug development. In the periphery, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate cholinergic signals to autonomic organs, but specific physiological functions of each subtype remain poorly elucidated. Here, we have constructed and analyzed mutant mice lacking the M(3) receptor and have demonst...

Sensitivity analysis, i.e., the analysis of the eflect of small variations in system parameters on the output measures can be studied b y computing the derivatives of the output measures with respect t o the parameter. This paper presents an algorithm for parametric sensitivity analysis of Markov Regenerative Stochastic Petri Nets (MRSPN). MRSPNs are a true generalization of stochastic Petri ne...

This article explores the characteristics of venture business and entrepreneurs in Korea to (1) identify technology transfer activities, (2) analyze the differences between technology transfer in linear and nonlinear venture businesses, and (3) guide more effective venture business policy and strategy. This empirical assessment reveals that entrepreneurs have insightful evaluations about their ...

Many pitch trackers based on dynamic programming require meticulous design of local cost and transition cost functions. The forms of these functions are often empirically determined and their parameters are tuned accordingly. Parameter tuning usually requires great effort without a guarantee of optimal performance. This work presents a graphical model framework to automatically optimize pitch t...