The main goal of this research is to study the postbuckling behavior nonlocal functionally graded beams. Eringen’s differential model used evaluate influence material length scale in bending response. An improved shear deformation beam theory with five independent parameters utilized, which suitable for use 3D constitutive equations. A finite element derived spectral high-order interpolation fu...

In the design of engineering structures, concrete is assumed to have homogeneously mechanical properties. However, in reality, material usually not uniform with respect height structures because segregation mostly occurs during construction. The higher density presented at, lower part structure due a proportion aggregate and vice versa. Moreover, disparity creep, shrinkage, hydration heat, curi...