The dynamics of spontaneous fluctuations in neural activity are shaped by underlying patterns of anatomical connectivity. While numerous studies have demonstrated edge-wise correspondence between structural and functional connections, much less is known about how large-scale coherent functional network patterns emerge from the topology of structural networks. In the present study, we deploy a m...

To understand tone and intonation in speech, we need to identify their functional components. To identify these components from the acoustic signal of speech, it is critical to recognize that they are not equivalent to any directly observable surface patterns. This is because, as will be argued in this paper, there are multiple degrees of separation between functional components of tone and int...

Despite their extent and socio-ecological importance, a comprehensive biogeographical synthesis of drylands is lacking. Here we synthesize the biogeography key organisms (vascular nonvascular vegetation soil microorganisms), attributes (functional traits, spatial patterns, plant–plant plant–soil interactions) processes (productivity land cover) across global drylands. These areas have long evol...

Brain activity patterns differ from person to person, even for an identical stimulus. In functional brain mapping studies, it is important to align brain activity patterns between subjects for group statistical analyses. While anatomical templates are widely used for inter-subject alignment in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, they are not sufficient to identify the mapping ...

So far there have been limited attempts to model the individual development patterns, however, non invasive measurements techniques, by providing a very detailed view of how people operate, open the door to completely new opportunities for understanding the behavior of developers. This study reports about the analysis of the development process patterns of a limited set of programmers across a ...

Patterns of social mixing are key determinants of epidemic spread. Here we present the results of an internet-based social contact survey completed by a cohort of participants over 9,000 times between July 2009 and March 2010, during the 2009 H1N1v influenza epidemic. We quantify the changes in social contact patterns over time, finding that school children make 40% fewer contacts during holida...

The potential cardiovascular benefits of several trending foods and dietary patterns are still incompletely understood, and nutritional science continues to evolve. However, in the meantime, a number of controversial dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have received significant media exposure and are mired by hype. This review addresses some of the more popular foods and dietary patterns tha...