Several studies have reported a possible link between antiaquaporin- 4 antibody and vitamin B12 deficiency in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Bilaterally symmetric hyperintense signals on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the posterior columns, called inverted V sign, are characteristic feature subacute combined degeneration associated with deficiency. We report patient anti-a...

Over the past few years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an important instrument for functional ventilation imaging. The aim of this review is to summarize established clinical methods and emerging techniques for research and clinical arenas. Before the advent of MRI, chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) dominated morphological lung imaging, while functional ventilatio...