Physiological disorders are abnormalities in fruit color or appearance that are abiotic in origin. These abnormalities are often confused with damage from pathogens or insects (biotic damage). Physiological disorders are distinguished from deficiencies of a single nutrient, and physical, chemical or herbicide injury. Causes of physiological disorders include genetic susceptibility, environmenta...

in fruit trees damage of frost and freezing is depended to time of chillhng and tree phonological stage. almond (prunus amygdalus b. (and apricot (p. armeniaca l.) cultivars are usually the first fruit trees to bloom and susceptible to damaging frosts in the early spring. a study was conducted on different types of almond and apricot cultivars in order to investigation the main factors related ...

Radio frequency (RF) heating has been explored as a potential non-chemical method to control insects in harvested walnuts and as a quarantine treatment for ‘Bing’ sweet cherries. Walnuts were heated to 50 to 90°C. Heating walnuts to 55°C or higher resulted in 100% mortality of fifth instar navel orangeworm, and heating to 80°C had no effect on walnut quality. Moisture content had a significant ...

This research aims to; 1) obtaining a comprehensive and accurate description of the type, composition, nutritional content Philemon buceroides food in its natural habitat, 2) basis for preparing pellets, 3) input conservation efforts. Identification analysis types materials that birds eat using light microscope scanning electron (SEM). The composition chemical nutrients were analyzed Kjedhal Gu...

The reproductive phenology of Thelocactusbicolor (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, in addition to monitoring the insects thatinteracted with flowers this plant, located Botanical Garden Efraím Hernández Xolocotzi Linares, NuevoLeón, and two nurseries for rescued plants Guadalcázar, San Luis Potosí, was registered. study carried out in2020, selecting marking ten individuals 1 m², evaluat...

sooty mold fungi are often associated with honeydew which insects secrete while feeding on the plant. a great variety of these fungi occur in the north of iran, especially on citrus ssp which is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in this region. during last 10 years, several collections of these fungi examined and 15 species have been recorded. in this paper seven previously unreport...

By analyzing high-speed video of the fruit fly, we discover a swimminglike mode of forward flight characterized by paddling wing motions. We develop a new aerodynamic analysis procedure to show that these insects generate drag-based thrust by slicing their wings forward at low angle of attack and pushing backwards at a higher angle. Reduced-order models and simulations reveal that the law for f...

The appendages of insects and vertebrates develop as extensions of the body wall. During development, a proximo-distal axis for growth and patterning is created in each appendage, in order to specify appendage length and allocation of pattern elements like joints and sensory organs. Here we use the expression of molecular markers to examine how PD development takes place in the legs of the frui...

Many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, have a rich repertoire of olfactory behavior. Combination of robust behavioral assays, physiological and molecular tools render D. melanogaster as highly suitable system for olfactory studies. The small number of neurons in the olfactory system of fruit flies, especially the number of sensory neurons in the larval stage, makes the exploration of ...

Anthropogenic accumulation of metals such as manganese is a well-established health risk factor for vertebrates. By contrast, the long-term impact of these contaminants on invertebrates is mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrate that manganese ingestion alters brain biogenic amine levels in honeybees and fruit flies. Furthermore, we show that manganese exposure negatively affects foraging behaviou...