Abstract Recent years have seen several studies of metaphysical disputes as disagreement phenomena employing the resources from research on in social epistemology. This paper undertakes an analogous study metametaphysical over substantiveness between inflationists and deflationists. The first considers questions skeptical argument that mere existence mandates suspension judgement about disputes...

Acceptance of the quantization of the elementary electrical charge (e) was preceded by a bitter dispute between Robert Millikan (1868–1953) and Felix Ehrenhaft (1879– 1952), which lasted for many years (1910–25). Both Millikan and Ehrenhaft obtained very similar experimental results and yet Millikan was led to formulate the elementary electrical charge (electron) and Ehrenhaft to fractional cha...

This paper relies on theoretical approaches from the IR-discipline to account for important changes in Germany’s support for a common European foreign policy toward the ArabIsraeli dispute since the early 1990s. It first describes two major shifts in Germany’s approach towards Middle East peace making: first, Germany’s growing support for EuroMediterranean cooperation in the second half of the ...

a r t i c l e i n f o The use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to solve environmental disputes is expected to increase in the near future. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental ADR empirically. However, the majority of empirical literature of environmental ADR provides merely descriptive case studies. Using a large micro-level database from Japan, this...

Minimum cost spanning tree problems try to connect agents e¢ ciently to a source when agents are located at di¤erent points in space and the cost of using an edge is …xed. We examine solution concepts to divide the common cost of connection among users, and revisit the dispute between two of the most familiar solutions: the Kar and folk solutions, both based on the familiar Shapley value. We ch...

the non-differentiability and implicit definition of boundary of production possibility set (pps) in data envelopment analysis (dea) are two important difficulties for obtaining directional characteristics, including different elasticity measures and marginal rates of substitution. also, imposing weight restrictions in dea models have some shortcomings and misunderstandings. in this paper we ut...

(1) An acute phagedenic ulcer, circular in outline with sharp punched out edges usually commencing on the site of some trivial abrasion not necessarily of recent origin. The rapid increase in area and depth of the ulcer was appalling. Within 24 or 48 hours a trivial abrasion might become an ulcer as big as a rupee and with deep fascia exposed in its base. Considerable swelling of surrounding ti...