parapsychology, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, have considered, by physicists and philosophers,by institutes which formed ,and in the twentieth century, especially during the post-modern age, as means of critic and break the materialistic and physicalistic view of modernity, is more important. review this subject ,in the islamic culture,breasting our with  researches  of avesina th...

Background and Purpose: Teaching is a mutual and cooperative process in which the learner and teacher both get affected, thus its effectiveness should be studied from the viewpoint of students and teachers so that by approximating the viewpoints, more effectiveness can be achieved in education, therefore we aimed to study the characteristics of effective teaching from the viewpoint of students ...

Discussion of use cases and UML often focuses on the UML use case diagram. Use case diagrams are contrasted (usually unfavorably) with text use cases. But specification of use cases with UML is not limited to the use case diagram. In fact UML 2 includes a variety of expressive techniques for specifying a use case. This article looks at UML use cases from the ODP viewpoint, and describes UML use...

Spectral methods have received attention as powerful theoretical and practical approaches to a number of machine learning problems. The methods are based on the solution of the eigenproblem of a similarity matrix formed from distance kernels. In this article we discuss three problems that are endemic in current implementations of spectral clustering: (1) the need to use another clustering metho...

Undoubtedly passing the world of translation opens new windows toward getting familiar with literature, language and culture of those who think, behave and look at the world in a similar and/or different manners. Although going through many linguistic features seems much less problematic, catching what is going to be transferred through non-linguistic ones is the most problematic to deal with. ...

We consider the numerical solution of systems of nonlinear two point boundary value problems by Galerkin's method. An initial solution is computed with piecewise linear approximating functions and this is then improved by using higher—order piecewise polynomials to compute defect corrections. This technique, including numerical integration, is justified by typical Galerkin arguments and propert...

The recent surge in the scope of computer applications in medical care has brought with it great strides in patient care, but it has also created a variety of concerns to manufacturers of medical software. The spate of product liability suits, with its potentially crippling effects in terms of product development, makes it increasingly vital that manufacturers engage in prospective planning, to...