Background: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopa-thy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an inflammatory disease which occurs in less than 2% of HTLV-I -infected individuals. High proviral load, high HTLV-I-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequency (CTL) and host genetic factors such as HLA all appear to be associated with HTLV-I infection. Previous stud...

Hybrid system is a dynamic system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior‎. ‎The hybrid differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering‎. ‎The hybrid systems are devoted to modeling‎, ‎design‎, ‎and validation of interactive systems of computer programs and continuous systems‎. ‎Hybrid fuzzy differential equations (HFDEs) is considered by ...

hybrid system is a dynamic system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior‎. ‎the hybrid differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering‎. ‎the hybrid systems are devoted to modeling‎, ‎design‎, ‎and validation of interactive systems of computer programs and continuous systems‎. ‎hybrid fuzzy differential equations (hfdes) is considered by ...

‎in this paper‎, ‎an efficient algorithm for solving a system of linear‎ ‎equations based on the homotopy analysis method is presented‎. ‎the‎ ‎proposed method is compared with the classical jacobi iterative‎ ‎method‎, ‎and the convergence analysis is discussed‎. ‎finally‎, ‎two‎ ‎numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the‎ ‎proposed method.‎

the interactive effects of adjacent buildings on their seismic performance are not frequently considered in seismic design. the adjacent buildings, however, are interrelated through the soil during seismic ground motions. the seismic energy is redistributed in the neighboring buildings through multiple structure-soil-structure interactions (sssi). for example, in an area congested with many nea...

Singh, Shubham, MS, Purdue University, August 2016. Applications of the Homotopy Analysis Method to Optimal Control Problems. Major Professor: Michael J. Grant. Traditionally, trajectory optimization for aerospace applications has been performed using either direct or indirect methods. Indirect methods produce highly accurate solutions but suffer from a small convergence region, requiring initi...

New equations are proposed for frequency and amplitude of a ring oscillator. The method is general enough to be used for all types of delay stages. Using exact largesignal circuit analysis, closed form equations for estimating the frequency and amplitude of a high frequency ring oscillator are derived as an example. The method takes into account the effect of various parasitic capacitors to...

this paper presents approximate analytical solutions for nonlinear oscillators using the multi-step homotopy analysis method (msham). the proposed scheme is only a simple modification of the homotopy analysis method, in which it is treated as an algorithm in a sequence of small intervals (i.e. time step) for finding accurate approximate solutions to the corresponding problems. several illustrat...

Abstract: This article is devoted to consider homotopy analysis method (HAM) for discontinued problems arising in nanotechnology. Continuum hypothesis on nanoscales is invalid, and a nonlinear differential-difference model is considered as an alternative approach to describing discontinued problems. This procedure is powerful tool for solving large amount of problems. Using this method, it is p...