The film formation during the spray/wall impingement has attracted more attention. present study investigated characteristics of pressure-swirl nozzle by applying contact-free optical method. According to experimental results, distance had a slightly significant effect on actual spray angle than mass flow rate, and maximum changing value was 34.6°. bulge at center surface became insignificant w...

the application of ai-li alloy in aerospace and aircrafts industries have a promising future due to its lower density and a comparatible mechanical properties to the other aluminum alloys. the major problems encountered with parts made of al-li alloys, include segregation and brittleness. the presence of a precipitation free zone (pfz) and also the concentration of some elements such as k,na,o,...

Several bulk model–based entrainment parameterizations for the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) with wind shear are reviewed and tested against large-eddy simulation (LES) data to evaluate their ability to model one of the basic integral parameters of convective entrainment—the entrainment flux ratio. Test results indicate that many of these parameterizations fail to correctly reprod...

The experiments performed in our laboratory revealed that able-bodied subjects use four different high-level control strategies to maintain stable quiet standing, and that there is a direct correlation between these control strategies and the position of the subject's center of pressure (COP). The overall COP area was divided into four zones: a high preference zone, a low preference zone, an un...

Instantaneous velocity fields in the x-y plane of a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer are measured using particle image velocimetry. It is found that there exist random, time-varying zones in the U-V fields in which the streamwise momentum is remarkably uniform. The largest dimension of a typical zone is proportional to the boundary layer thickness. The zone closest to the wall co...

Embryos and larvae of an isocrinid sea lily, Metacrinus rotundus, are described by scanning electron microscopy. Around hatching (35 h after fertilization), the outer surface of the gastrula becomes ubiquitously covered with short cilia. At 40 h, the hatched swimming embryo develops a cilia-free zone of ectoderm on the ventral side. By 3 days, the very early dipleurula larva develops a cilia-fr...

In order to elucidate the mechanism of dentin sensitivity, the ultrastructure, distribution and organization of nerve fibers in the pulpodentinal border zone in the teeth of young human subjects were investigated by means of silver impregnation and electron microscopy. The nerve fibers in this zone were classified into four types by the location of their terminals and pattern of their ramificat...

Objectives. Superoxide dismutase, acting as a scavenger of oxygen free radicals, has shown mixed results in increasing survival from burn wounds. We previously demonstrated that human recombinant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase could increase the survival of failing ischaemic flaps in a rat model. Because of the similar pathophysiology of tissue ischaemia in flaps and intermediate zone burns, ...

The objective of this study was to determine how long myogenic cells can survive in the central ischemic zone of early free muscle grafts in the rat. The study was conducted on free grafts of a large (rectus femoris) and a small (extensor digitorum longus) muscle. At times ranging from zero hr to five days post-grafting, the central zones were isolated, minced, and implanted under the back skin...

[1] We developed a multicomponent, multiphase, fluid and heat flow model to describe hydrate formation in marine sediments; the oneand two-dimensional model accounts for the dynamic effects of hydrate formation on salinity, temperature, pressure, and hydraulic properties. Free gas supplied from depth forms hydrate, depletes water, and elevates salinity until pore water is too saline for further...