We examine the e¤ect of ambiguity in symmetric games with aggregate external-ities. We …nd that ambiguity will increase/decrease the equilibrium strategy in games withstrategic complements/substitutes and positive externalities. These e¤ects are reversed ingames with negative externalities. We consider some economic applications of these resultsto Cournot oligopoly, bargaining, ...

The percentage of workers who choose not to join the union available to them at their workplace has been rising in Britain and New Zealand. Social custom, union instrumentality, the fixed costs of joining, employee perceptions of management attitudes to unionization and employee problems at work all influence the propensity to free-ride. Ideological convictions regarding the role of unions also...

The Housing sector can be considered both the exchange of intermediate goods and the investment goods for the manufacturing sectors. The housing sector is the buyer of intermediate goods such as brick, cement, iron etc from one side, and uses the investment goods such as crane etc from other side. Furthermore, it uses the labour force. Thus, the housing sector has three types of buying which in...

nowadays, efficient goods distribution in target markets is one of the most important challenges of marketing managers and goods producers. distribution of goods and services has a significant contribution in gross domestic product (gdp) of countries. so an efficient distribution network can support constant economic development of countries and reduces end-user price of products. identifying a...

9 We ask whether conformity, copying the most observed behavior in a population, affects free riding. 10 Our model suggests that, if sufficiently frequent at the start of a public goods game, conformity will 11 increase the growth rate of free riding. We confirm this prediction in an experiment by showing that 12 free riding grows faster when players have the information necessary to conform. A...

Peer-to-peer networks have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional client-server architectures for the distribution of information goods. Recent academic studies have observed high levels of free-riding in various peer-to-peer networks, leading some to suggest the imminent collapse of these communities as a viable information sharing mechanism. Our research develops an analytic model to...

This study assesses the influence of indirect reciprocity on individual contribution to a peer-topeer network. We find that individuals’ level of contributions increases with number of contributors in the peer-to-peer network but decrease with number of free riders in the networks, indicating that individual contributions are reciprocal in nature. Moreover, we show that individuals have strong ...

This paper describes IVAN (Integrated Virtual Agent Network), a project that proposes to improve online marketplaces, specifically those that involve the trading of nontangible goods and services. IVAN is an intermediary architecture intended as a generalized platform for the specification and brokering of heterogeneous goods and services. IVAN makes it possible for both buyers and sellers alik...

This paper proposes a symmetry-breaking model of trade with a (large but) finite number of (ex-ante) identical countries and a continuum of tradeable goods, which differ in their dependence on local differentiated producer services. Productivity differences across countries arise endogenously through free entry to the local service sector in each country. In any stable equilibrium, the countrie...