Objective(s): Carthamus tinctorius L. (CT) or saffloweris widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study investigated the effects of CT extract (CTE) on ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) brain injury and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: The I/R model was conducted by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by 24...

Introduction: In adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells are isolated from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. This study aimed to isolate neural stem cells from adult rat subventricular zone and differentiate them into neurons and astrocytes.  Methods: In this study, the whole brain was removed after full anesthesia and creating cervical dislocation. Under a microscope, subv...

objective: nanotechnology focuses on materials having at least one dimension of less than 100 nanometers. nanomaterials such as nanosilver (ns) have unique physical and chemical properties such as size, shape, surface charge. ns particles are thought to induce neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the brain. it has been reported that ns particles generate free radicals and oxidative stress whic...

Background: Resveratrol (RSV) provides several important biological functions in wide variety of cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effect of RSV on HepG2 cells by assessing the gene expression of RelA and c-Jun- subunits of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors.    Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in a serum- free medium...

Modular grammatical formalisms provide an essential step towards improved grammar engineering practices. However, as we depart from traditional deterministic models, some intrinsic static checks are lost. The paper shows why grammar verification is necessary for reliable uses of context-free grammars (CFGs) and parsing expression grammars (PEGs) as modular syntax definitions. Simple conservativ...

Salinity stresses act as inhibitor factors of plant growth. They can change the physiological characteristics and limit the production of crops. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a stable free radical which use as a signalling molecule in plants and participates in various plant’s physiological, biochemical and molecular processes and also in plant’s responses to environmental stresses. We investig...

This article discusses disinformation in virtual communities. Freedom of speech and freedom expression are conditions for creating a democratic society. form is the creation healthy public sphere people's lives. The real that people free to voice their opinions without being dominated by other parties (structural or non-structural). In addition, convey ideas exchange regardless existence power ...

BACKGROUND In September 2010, Vancouver, Canada enacted a smoke-free bylaw in parks and on beaches. OBJECTIVE To examine demographic and attitudinal factors associated with the public opinion on Vancouver's outdoor smoke-free bylaw. METHODS From 496 randomly selected Vancouver residents, information on demographics, smoking status, and opinions and support for or opposition to the smoke-fre...

We study models of a society composed of a mixture of conformist and reasonable contrarian agents that at any instant hold one of two opinions. Conformists tend to agree with the average opinion of their neighbors and reasonable contrarians tend to disagree, but revert to a conformist behavior in the presence of an overwhelming majority, in line with psychological experiments. The model is stud...