(2) If K ∈ B(X) is compact, then for all λ ∈ C \ {0}, K − λ1 is Fredholm with index zero. (3) The shift operator S± ∈ B(`p) for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ defined by (S±x)n = xn±1 is Fredholm with index ±1. (4) If X,Y are finite dimensional and T ∈ B(X,Y ), then by the Rank-Nullity Theorem, ind(T ) = dim(X)− dim(Y ). Lemma 3. Suppose E,F ⊆ X are closed subspaces with F finite dimensional. (1) The subspace E + F...

Kato's decomposition [14, Theorem 4] is generalized to semi-B-Fredholm operators.

A new highly accurate numerical approximation scheme based on a Gauss type Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature for Fredholm integral equations of the second kind

In this paper, we propose and analyze an efficient matrix method based on Bell polynomials for numerically solving nonlinear Fredholm- Volterra integral equations. For this aim, first we calculate operational matrix of integration and product based on Bell polynomials. By using these matrices, nonlinear Fredholm-Volterra integral equations reduce to the system of nonlinear algebraic equations w...