A systematic study of the mechanical deformation and failure of transparent ceramic aluminum oxynitride (AlON) has been conducted using a depth-sensitive nanoindentation technique combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Although discrete displacement bursts appear in the load–depth profiles at high applied forces, a detectable high-pressure phase transition ...

light is never being distributed homogeneously and it forms a gradient over biomass. the unidirectional nature of light gives rise to a vertical gradient of light intensity as a function of depth. the maximum depth of the light zone suitable for phytoplankton photosynthesis is designated as the euphotic depth. this study was designed to test the hypothesis of mixing depth of phytoplankton and i...

Analyses have been completed to evaluate different operating strategies for the Hijiori Long Term Circulation Test (LTCT). To ensure that the Geocrack2D model used to represent the LTCT was valid, 1991-1996 testing at Hijiori was first simulated. After reasonable matches were obtained with the existing data, the model was used to predict behavior during the two year long LTCT. Five cases were a...

In this paper, 2D boundary element stress analysis is carried out to obtain the T-stress for multiple internal edge cracks in thick-walled cylinders for a wide range of cylinder radius ratios and relative crack depth. The T-stress, together with the stress intensity factor K, provides amore reliable two-parameter prediction of fracture in linear elastic fracture mecha...

We provide direct observations of the three-dimensional displacements a fluid-driven fracture during water injections in borehole at ?1.5 km depth crystalline rock Sanford Underground Research Facility (USA). Micro-shearing initiates on foliation plane 61% minimum principal stress ?3. As fluid pressure increases further up to 112% ?3, axial and radial increase with injection time highlighting o...

Introduction: Partial melting occurs in planetary bodies due to (1) temperature rise as heat is produced from radioisotope decay; or decompression as parts of the mantle rise due to (2) thermal convection or (3) overturn driven by compositional instability. Case (1) dominated early-forming differentiated asteroids heated by short half-life isotopes [1, 2] but is not relevant to the Moon. There ...

x-100 steel is one of the most recently developed materials for production of gas transportation pipelines. this material is severely anisotropic. smooth and notched round bars with different notch radius and flat notched specimens with different notch radius and notch depth in tension are tested to characterize the failure of this material under quasi-static loading condition. triaxiality fact...

a 3-year-old arabian colt was presented for a major gingiva wound at the right rostral part of mandible. after clinical assessments, rostral mandibular fracture was determined. stabilization of fractured region was achieved via cerclage wire application under general anesthesia. fixation wires were left in place for 6 weeks. a 3 -month follow up revealed complete fracture healing. the purpose o...

absractall perilunate fracture-dislocations combine bone avulsions, ligament disruptionand fractures in different forms. the most frequent pattern is the dorsal transscaphoidperilunate fracture-dislocation. the reported risk of missed initial diagnosisin perilunate dislocations is as high as 20%. concerning pathomechanics of theperilunate fracture-dislocation, it should be noted that most dorsa...

– When a corrosive solution reaches the limits of a solid sample, a chemical fracture occurs. An analytical theory for the probability of this chemical fracture is proposed and confirmed by extensive numerical experiments on a two dimensional model. This theory follows from the general probability theory of extreme events given by Gumbel. The analytic law differs from the Weibull law commonly u...