Surface coal mining in Appalachia has caused extensive replacement of forest with non-forested land cover, much of which is unmanaged and unproductive. Although forested ecosystems are valued by society for both marketable products and ecosystem services, forests have not been restored on most Appalachian mined lands because traditional reclamation practices, encouraged by regulatory policies, ...

Focal retrograde amnesia (FRA) is a rare neurocognitive disorder presenting with an isolated loss of retrograde memory. In the absence of detectable brain lesions, a differentiation of FRA from psychogenic causes is difficult. Here we report a case study of persisting FRA after an epileptic seizure. A thorough neuropsychological assessment confirmed severe retrograde memory deficits while anter...

ii Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socioeconomic functions which are important at the global, national and local scales, and they play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up-to-date information on the state of forest resources-not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected...

Recently, the Runge-Kutta methods, obtained via Taylor’s expansion is exist in the literature. In this study, we have derived explicit methods for problems of the form y′ = f(y) including second and third derivatives , by considering available Two-Derivative Runge-Kutta methods (TDRK). The methods use one evaluation of first derivative, one evaluation of second derivative and many evaluations o...

• Instructions to approach or avoid fictitious social groups cause changes in implicit evaluations. • These changes are not fully mediated by changes in explicit evaluations. • These changes occur even in the absence of changes in explicit evaluations. • These changes occur even if highly diagnostic incompatible valence information is provided. • These findings constrain current and future mode...

In Necturus gallbladder epithelium, lowering serosal [Na+] ([Na+]s) reversibly hyperpolarized the basolateral cell membrane voltage (Vcs) and reduced the fractional resistance of the apical membrane (fRa). Previous results have suggested that there is no sizable basolateral Na+ conductance and that there are apical Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. Here, we studied the mechanisms of the electrophys...

The net primary productivity (NPP) of a forest is an important indicator its potential for the provision ecosystem services such as timber, carbon, and biodiversity. However, accurately consistently quantifying global NPP remains challenge in practice. We converted carbon stock changes using Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) data losses associated with disturbances timber removals into e...