land-use change has strong effects on ecosystem properties, especially on soil carbon storage and it increased global atmospheric co2. degradation and loss of area and quality of hyrcanian forests are the biggest problems in these forests. one of the most important solutions to taking care of these problems is increasing plantations in these areas. therefore, investigation of the effects of dif...

Spatio-temporal distribution of Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti and Mariau, 1999, pest of palm oil tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin, 1963) was carried out on 1226 ha of an industrial plantation at Toumanguié (south-east of Côte d’Ivoire). Temporal distribution of population established the existence, according to the years, of favorable periods of Coelaenomenodera lameensis infestations. Eight ...

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus was genetically engineered for nonpersistence by removal of the gene coding for polyhedrin production and stabilized using a coocclusion process. A beta-galactosidase marker gene was inserted into the genetically engineered virus (LdGEV) so that infected larvae could be tested for its presence using a colorimetric assay. In 1993, L...

Rice blast, caused by the fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, is a common disease of rice in Arkansas. The disease has reached epidemic levels previously in Arkansas on susceptible cultivars. Also, it has been established that artificially infected seeds placed on the soil surface could initiate disease in small plots. The research reported here was conducted in small plots to determine if naturally in...

A trickle irrigation experiment on sugarcane was established in October 1985 on the SASA Experiment Station farm at Shakaskraal. The objectives were to establish suitable operating procedures, to measure cane yield potential, and to study the effects of factors such as fertigation and crop row spacingon yieldsoftrickle irrigated sugarcane. The results ofthe plant and first ratoon crops of this ...

A one year field trial was carried out on three adjacent unfertilised plots; an 18 year old grassland, a 14 year old established Miscanthus crop, and a 7 month old newly planted Miscanthus crop. Measurements of N2O, soil temperature, water filled pore space (WFPS), and inorganic nitrogen concentrations, were made every one to two weeks. Soil temperature, WFPS and NO3 and NH4 concentrations were...

A field experiment was established in a high elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) - balsam fir (Abies balsamea) forest on Mount Ascutney Vermont, USA in 1988 to test the nitrogen (N) saturation hypothesis, and to better understand the mechanisms causing forest decline at the time. The study established replicate control, low and high dose nitrogen addition plots (i.e., 0, 15.7 and 31.4kgNH...