نتایج جستجو برای: formation stage
تعداد نتایج: 862638 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and related arboviruses have been responsible for large epidemic outbreaks with serious economic and social impact. The immune mechanisms, which control viral multiplication and dissemination, are not yet known. Here, we studied the antibody response against the CHIKV surface antigens in infected patients. With plasma samples obtained during the early convalescent phas...
The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes attaches to environmental surfaces and forms biofilms that can be a source of food contamination, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its biofilm development. We observed that nonmotile mutants were defective in biofilm formation. To investigate how flagella might function during biofilm formation, we compared the wild type with f...
During an early stage of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis, the cell divides asymmetrically into two compartments that follow different developmental paths. The differential expression of genes in these two compartments is controlled in part by the production of compartment-specific transcription factors, sigma G and sigma K. It is not known how sigma G accumulation is restricted to one ...
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is an opportunistic pathogen with low pathogenicity and a cause of the repeated outbreak of bovine mastitis in veterinary clinical settings. In this report, a biofilm model of S. epidermidis was generated and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC (SMIC) on bacterial cultures were assessed for the following agents: total alkaloids of S...
We present evidence here for two stages in B-memory cell development, the first of which is T independent and the second T dependent. For these studies, we use a new type of T-deficient mouse (allotype suppressed) which specifically lacks T-helper activity (Th) for a subset of memory B cells responsible for approximately 10% of the overall IgG antibody response. We have shown elsewhere that the...
The mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cytopathicity is poorly understood and might involve formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia), single-cell lysis, or both. In order to determine the contributions of the fusion domain to syncytium formation, single-cell lysis, and viral infectivity and to clarify the molecular details of these events, insertion mutations wer...
Teriparatide is a drug that is used to increase bone remodeling, formation, and density for the treatment of osteoporosis. We present three cases of patients with a femoral insufficiency fracture. The patients were administered teripatatide in an attempt to treat severe osteoporosis and to enhance fracture healing. We found several radiographic features around the femoral fractures during the h...
Many reports can be obtained on the mechanism for the Maillard reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars. Most of these reports have concentrated on the early stage of this reaction, including the formation of N-glucosides, Amadori rearrangement and the decomposition of Amadori compounds.i) In consequence, various intermediates have been identified, whose roles in the advanced stage of t...
Cells dissociated from swimming embryos of the starfish are able to reconstruct bipinnaria larvae. This process consists of reaggregation (stage 1), formation of the external epithelium (stage 2), development of the internal cavities which will eventually grow either into the blastocoel or the intestinal lumen (stage 3), gastrulation or fusion of the internal and the external epithelia (stage 4...
In this work, we study the mechanism of nanocone formation on a surface of elementary semiconductors by Nd:YAG laser radiation. Our previous investigations of SiGe and CdZnTe solid solutions have shown that nanocone formation mechanism is characterized by two stages. The first stage is characterized by formation of heterostructure, for example, Ge/Si heterostructure from SiGe solid solutions, a...
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