problems statement: new millennium started while more than half of world population lives in cities. this issue requires attendance of the citizens in affairs managemanet along with necessity of equipment, demands and needs. the important point is barriers and prohibiting factors which prevent participation. this article intends to answer these questions by reliance on research findings in 2009...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The study objectives were to examine the participation rate in food assistance programs and explore the factors that contribute to such participation among the Korean elderly population. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study sample comprised 3,932 respondents aged 65 years or older who were selected from a secondary data set, the fourth Korean Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS). The fact...

This scoping review summarizes studies on passive participation in collaborative online learning activities that used computer-mediated communication tools school settings. A total of 42 articles spanning about 20 years were explored. ERIC and three main journal indexes from Web Science to locate articles. For each year searched, there only one five investigated participation, indicating not ma...

We study socioeconomic indicators of female labour force participation in off-farm formal employment a subsistence agriculture setting northern Ghana, where new commercial farm provides positive demand shock for low-skilled labour. use set quantitative and qualitative data examining determinants participation, the social effects arising from it, influence on decision-making power their househol...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether generalized trust and/or social participation at an individual level have negative associations with unmet healthcare needs. METHODS Door-to-door interviews were conducted by trained interviewers to collect information. The 8,800 study participants included 220 adults sampled systematically using the resident registration database fr...