For the purpose of inducing the specific tolerance by bone marrow trans plantation, the PHA non-responding cells out of the bone marrow cells were trans planted to mongrel dogs in order to avoid the acute graft-versus-host reaction after conditioning the animals with cyclophosphamide. And nine out of 13 mongrel dogs survived under the condition of successfully established chimerism. The mixed l...

Mitochondrial dynamics and functionality are linked to the autophagic degradative pathway under several stress conditions. However, the interplay between mitochondria and autophagy upon cell death signalling remains unclear. The T-cell receptor pathway signals the so-called activation-induced cell death (AICD) essential for immune tolerance regulation. Here, we show that this apoptotic pathway ...

Trusted systems fundamentally rely on the ability to tightly control the flow of information both in-to and out-of the device. Due to their inherent programmability, reconfigurable systems are riddled with security holes (timing channels, undefined behaviors, storage channels, backdoors) which can be used as a foothold for attackers to strike. System designers are constantly forced to respond t...

Database systems recover persistent data, providing high database availability. However, database applications, typically residing on client or “middle-tier” application-server machines, may lose work because of a server failure. This prevents the masking of server failures from the human user and substantially degrades application availability. This paper aims to enable high application availa...

Brown fat can reduce obesity through the dissipation of calories as heat. Control of thermogenic gene expression occurs via the induction of various coactivators, most notably PGC-1α. In contrast, the transcription factor partner(s) of these cofactors are poorly described. Here, we identify interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) as a dominant transcriptional effector of thermogenesis. IRF4 is in...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects approximately 10% of the population aged above 40 years. In advanced COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second <50% of the predicted value), patients suffer from severe pulmonary symptoms including dyspnea, chronic cough, poor exercise tolerance, which are commonly associated with systemic disorders, such as osteoporosis, loss of fat-free bo...