The behavior of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEC) based on solid films ( approximately 100 nm) of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) between an ITO anode and a Ga-In cathode was investigated. The response times were strongly influenced by the nature of the counterion: small anions (BF(4)(-) and ClO(4)(-)) led to relatively fast transients, while large anions (PF(6)(-), AsF(6)(-)) produ...

In capillary electrophoresis, the background electrolyte (BGE) composition is the key parameter for achieving the quantification of ions. This study is focused on the optimization of a BGE for anion separation (buffer, UV sensor, electroosmotic flow modifier and pH), and its application to whey anions. The quantification of chloride, sulfate, citrate and phosphate, was achieved with a relative ...

qahr-abad fluorite deposit is located 58 km southeast of saqqez, in northwestern kordestan province and in northern end of sanandaj-sirjan zone. the factors such as change in physicochemical conditions of mineralization environment (ph and eh), variation in pressure and temperature, alteration, metamorphism, oxidation of organic matters, adsorption, activity and solubility of associated anions,...

Nitric oxide (NO) has recently been shown to mediate apoptosis induction selectively in transformed fibroblasts, in contrast to their nontransformed parental cells. Here we show that NO-mediated apoptosis induction in transformed fibroblasts can be divided into two major phases. During phase 1, peroxynitrite is generated by the interaction of extracellular superoxide anions with NO and the intr...

This work is the first study of mixed trihalide anions in the gas phase. We report the photochemistry and photodissociation dynamics of BrICland IBr2 anions near 400 nm. For BrICl-, two major photodissociation channels yielding IBrand IClproducts are observed. The photodissociation of IBr2 yields primarily IBranion products. No BrCland Br2 fragments are formed from BrICland IBr2, respectively, ...

Groundwater is connected to the landscape above and is thus affected by the overlaying land uses. This study evaluated the impacts of land uses upon groundwater quality using trilinear analysis. Trilinear analysis is a display of experimental data in a triangular graph. Groundwater quality data collected from agricultural, septic tank, forest, and wastewater land uses for a 6-year period were u...