Classical cell biology teaches that exocytosis causes the membrane of exocytic vesicles to disperse into the cell surface and that a cell must later retrieve by molecular sorting whatever membrane components it wishes to keep inside. We have tested whether this view applies to secretory granules in intact PC-12 cells. Three granule proteins were labeled with fluorescent proteins in different co...

BACKGROUND Antibody-based microarrays are a developing tool for high-throughput proteomics in health and disease. However, in order to enable global proteome profiling, novel miniaturized high-density antibody array formats must be developed. RESULTS In this proof-of-concept study, we have designed a miniaturized planar recombinant (single-chain Fragment variable). antibody array technology p...

Aspects of classroom lighting and décor that can promote discomfort and impair task performance through glare, and imperceptible 100 Hz flicker from fluorescent lighting, were examined in a sample of UK schools. In 90 classrooms, across eleven secondary schools and six local education authorities variables measured included flicker, illuminance at desks, and luminance of whiteboards. Results sh...

Cells in intermediate and deeper layers of the pigeon optic tectum respond best when a textured background pattern is moved in the opposite direction to a moving test spot. Complete inhibition occurs when the background moves in the same direction as the test stimulus. Most noteworthy is the invariance of this relationship over a wide range of test spot directions. These cells represent a highe...

Primaquine and other 8-amnoquinoline based anti-malarials can cause haemolysis in subjects with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Correct diagnosis of G6PD status in patients is crucial for safe treatment of both relapsing stages of Plasmodium vivax and transmitting forms of Plasmodium falciparum. Lack of suitable point-of-care tests has hampered a much needed wide use of pri...

We derive a nonparametric test for constant beta over a fixed time interval from high-frequency observations of a bivariate Itô semimartingale. Beta is defined as the ratio of the spot continuous covariation between an asset and a risk factor and the spot continuous variation of the latter. The test is based on the asymptotic behavior of the covariation between the risk factor and an estimate o...