Independence is achieved by using the extended extracellular fluid (Ecf) for dilution of hemoglobin (cHbB), reducing cHbB to cHbB / 3 (in the fetus to 1/4). Correction of ctHB from the normally low fetal oxygen saturation by reoxygenation of Hb increases ctHB resulting in four different variables: ctHB,act (= BEB), ctHEcf,act (Standard BE), ctHB,ox. and ctHEcf,ox. The question is which variable...

A 3D lattice Boltzmann model is developed and used to calculate the water and gas permeabilities of model cement pastes at different degrees of water saturation. In addition to permeable micron-sized capillary pores and impermeable solid inclusions, the lattice Boltzmann model comprises weakly-permeable nano-porous calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The multi-scale problem is addressed by using ...

There is strong evidence in the literature that traditional equations describing two-phase flow processes in porous media may be inadequate under non-equilibrium or dynamic conditions. There exist theories that propose that the capillary pressure depends not only on saturation but also on the time rate of change of saturation. In this work, the significance of dynamic effects in the capillary p...

A fundamental variable characterizing immiscible two-phase flow in porous media is the wetting saturation, which ratio between pore volume filled with fluid and total volume. More generally, this comes from a specific choice of coordinates on some underlying space, domain variables that can be used to express volumetric rate. The mathematical structure allows for introduction other containing s...

[1] A coarse-scale model governing two-phase viscous dominated flow in heterogeneous porous media is presented. The coarse-scale water transport equation (or saturation equation) is derived from a volume average of the underlying fine-scale saturation equation. A key component of the coarse-scale description is the subgrid model, which appears in the formulation as a nonlinear, nonlocal term in...

[1] A Shan-Chen–type multiphase lattice Boltzmann (LB) model was applied to observed computed microtomography data from water-air and water-Soltrol displacement experiments in a glass bead porous medium. Analysis of the Bond, Reynolds, and Capillary numbers for these systems showed that capillary forces were dominant removing the need to model viscous, gravitational, and density effects. A nume...