BACKGROUND Proper monitoring for volume overload is important to improve prognosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The association between volume status and residual renal function (RRF) remains an unresolved issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the edema index and survival or RRF in incident PD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified all adul...

There is a widely held belief that hypervolaemia due to excess intake or inadequate removal of salt and water is the principal cause of hypertension in dialysis patients. The risk of failing to consider additional pathophysiological elements is that inadequate or inappropriate therapeutic strategies may be adopted. This review aims to highlight multiple alternative mechanisms for hypertension i...

Hypervolemia was produced in dogs by infusion of matched whole blood or of red cells suspended in dextran. In the dogs which had received matched whole blood, bleeding with simnltaneous volume replacement with dextran produced acute hypervolemic anemia. This was associated with increased cardiac output, whereas no increase of cardiac output was seen in the same animals with a comparable amount ...

Esophageal cancer represents a major clinical challenge because of its poor prognosis. The aim of the SUDCAN collaborative study was to compare the net survival from esophageal cancer between six European Latin countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland) and report the trends in net survival and the dynamics of excess mortality rates (EMRs) up to 5 years after diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE To discuss the rationale, technique, and clinical application of the fluid challenge. DATA SOURCE Relevant literature from MEDLINE and authors' personal databases. STUDY SELECTION Studies on fluid challenge in the acutely ill. DATA EXTRACTION Based largely on clinical experience and assessment of the relevant published literature, we propose that the protocol should include four...

The study by Tang et al. (1) concluded that their retrospective chart review demonstrated the tolerability of long-term thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy in a diabetic population with established chronic heart failure (HF). Although we applaud their efforts to study this important topic, we believe the data presented are not so clear, and that their conclusions that a large majority of chronic HF...

Abstract Swallowing of amniotic fluid by late gestation fetuses increases when amniotic fluid volume (AFV) is elevated. Our objectives were to quantitatively characterize fetal swallowing when AFV is elevated above normal to polyhydramniotic levels and to explore the mechanisms that mediate these changes. Late gestation fetal sheep were studied under basal conditions and during intra-amniotic i...

BACKGROUND Animal models are necessary to study the mechanism underlying the effects of exercise on depression but an effective procedure for exercise treatment and exercise effects on physiological parameters in a specific depression model need to be characterized. METHODS Physiological parameters including lactate, partial pressue of O₂ (pO₂) and CO₂ (pCO₂) saturated O₂ (sO₂), pH, HCO₃, tot...

Carbamazepine (CBZ) has been reported to have an antidiuretic action, though it is not known how it produces this effect. This is a well recognized complication of CBZ therapy in adults. However this syndrome has been rarely observed in childhood. We present an epileptic child with fluid overload due to CBZ treatment who was referred with chest pain and cardiomegaly. Our patient developed fluid...

BACKGROUND A phase 3 randomized clinical trial was designed to test whether bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, slows progression to end-stage renal disease in patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The trial was terminated because of an increase in heart failure in the bardoxolone methyl group; many of the even...