A broadband beam steering device using the dielectrophoresis-tilted prism of liquids is demonstrated. Dielectric force is utilized to slant the interface to imitate the refractive behavior of a prism. The steering angle increases as the applied voltage increases. Two dimensional beam steering is also successfully achieved by stacking two devices in orthogonal positions. The broadband feature is...

An automatic steering controller was installed on a Case-IH Model 7220 tractor. The primary posture sensor was a kinematic differential GPS. Open loop and closed loop frequency response tests were conducted to evaluate the steering controller dynamics. A double integrator transfer function adequately related vehicle lateral deviation to steering angle within the frequency range of 0.04 Hz to 0....

This paper introduces <span>a non-linear implementation of the speed control technique permanent magnetic synchronous motors (PMSM) using electronic differential (ED) command. Artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with particles swarm optimization (ANN-PSO) are implemented to wheel and steering angle. The main purpose PMSM system its application is command electric vehicles (EV). In con...

A high-speed (200 Hz) infrared video system was used in a three-dimensional analysis of pigeon wing and body kinematics to determine the aerodynamic and anatomical mechanisms they use to produce force asymmetries to effect a turn during slow (3 m s-1) flight. Contrary to our expectations, pigeons used downstroke velocity asymmetries, rather than angle of attack or surface area asymmetries, to p...

This paper addresses the observability properties of a 3D autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) model in the presence of ocean currents, under the assumption that the vehicle can only measure its distance to a fixed transponder using an acoustic ranging device. In the set-up adopted, the AUV may undergo a wide range of maneuvers that are usually described as trimming trajectories. The latter are ...

A pilot study was performed to examine flight paths for an airborne foliage-penetrating Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) three-dimensional (3D) imaging system. Such systems form 3D images based on time-of-flight of laser photons, some of which pass through gaps in foliage or other partial obscurants such as camouflage nets. Hence the 3D image will contain partial information about any object...