Noise (a spontaneous fluctuation in current or in voltage) is generated in all semiconductor devices. The intensity of these fluctuations depends on device type, its manufacturing process, and operating conditions. The resulted noise, as a superposition of different noise sources, is defined as an inherent noise. The equivalent noise models (containing all noise sources) are created for a parti...

Purpose To mathematically model the temporal dynamic responses of retinal vessel diameter (D), oxygen saturation (SO2), and inner retinal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) to light flicker and to describe their responses to its cessation in humans. Methods In 16 healthy subjects (age: 60 ± 12 years), retinal oximetry was performed before, during, and after light flicker stimulation. At each ti...

The sun-fish Lepomis responds to a moving system of stripes by a motion of its body. By changing the velocity of motion of the stripe system different flicker frequencies can be produced and thus the relation of flicker frequency to critical intensity of illumination can be studied. Threshold illumination varies with flicker frequency in such a way that with increasing flicker frequency the int...

$1/f$ electronic noise is a conductance fluctuation, expressed in terms of mobility ``$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-noise'' by Hooge and Kleinpenning. Understanding this graphene key for high-performance electronics. Early investigations pointed out deviation from the standard formula, with free-carrier density substituted constant ${n}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{12}\phantom{\...

original article   mental fatigue (mf) is considered as a contributor factor in incident, even catastrophic one. electroencephalography measurement has been the most acceptable method to assess mf by neurologists. however, this method could be hardly feasible in real work setting. flicker fusion device, by contrast, is more usable at work setting. the purpose of this study was to compare the cr...

MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) and ASAS (All Sky Automated Survey) observations have been used to characterize photometric variability of TW Hya on time scales from a fraction of a day to 7.5 weeks and from a few days to 8 years, respectively. The two data sets have very different uncertainties and temporal coverage properties and cannot be directly combined, nevertheless, they...

Biomedical sensors are used to measure a myriad of biopotential signals including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (EKG), electromyogram (EMG), and neural field potential (NFP) signals [1], [2], [3]. Most of the useful information in these signals resides in the frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 1 kHz, allowing ultralow power circuits to be used when processing them. This is critical fo...