Although a comprehensive framework for most of the theoretical foundations of duality has been available to economists since the seminal work by Shephard in 1953, empirical applications of duality have become popular mainly during the last ten years. The first empirical study which I am aware of that exploited duality theory is the one by Nerlove in 1963 which estimated a CobbDouglas cost funct...

The development of flexible and reusable abstractions for software composition has suffered from the inherent problem that reusability and extensibility are limited due to position-dependent parameters. To tackle this problem, we have defined forms, immutable extensible records, that allow for the specification of compositional abstractions in a language-neutral and robust way. In this paper, w...