For an outsider innovator in a Cournot oligopoly, royalty licensing could be superior to both fixed fee and auction. The result depends on a simple fact that has been overlooked in the existing literature, namely, the number of licenses can take only integer values.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D21; D43; D45

This paper presents a comparative statics result on a rental housing market. The relationship between the qualities of apartments and their rents is investigated. Our comparative statics considers rent changes when an improvement occurs in a local area of the market. We show that rents go up locally in response to the improvement, but rents go down in the inner area of the city. To show the dis...

The optimal shape of a two dimensional turbulator above an isothermal flat plate is found by using numerical simulation. The turbulent boundary layer over the flat plate was disrupted at various situations by inserting a quadrilateral bar where the boundary layer thickness kept more than three times greater than the insert\'s height. As a result, the overall heat transfer coefficient of the wal...

The study of billiards in rational polygons and of directional flows on flat surfaces is a fast-growing and fascinating area of research. A classical construction reduces the billiard system in a rational polygon – a polygon whose angles are π-rational – to a constant flow on a flat surface with conical singularities, determined by the billiard polygon. In the most elementary case, the billiard...

An analytical investigation and conceptual design of a disk-shaped asymmetric heat pipe is presented in this work. Using the conservative formulations for the steady incompressible vapor and liquid flow for a disk-shaped heat pipe, an in-depth integral analysis is applied. Analytical results for the asymmetric vapor velocity profile, the vapor and liquid pressure distributions, and the vapor te...

There has been a controversy as to whether or not the non-pathological flat foot and high-arched foot have an effect on human walking activities. The 3D foot scanning system was employed to obtain static footprints from subjects adopting a half-weight-bearing stance. Based upon their footprints, the subjects were divided into two groups: the flat-footed and the high-arched. The plantar pressure...

UNLABELLED The flat foot can be defined as a syndrome with multiple etiopathogenesis, characterized by an altered structure of the longitudinal arch of the plantar vault with its reduction in height. The plantar arch collapse can be counteracted by strengthening the muscles involved; for many years, specific physical exercises have been proposed with this purpose in physical and rehabilitation ...