Combining sample plot and image data has been widely used to map forest carbon density at local, regional, national and global scales. When mapping is conducted using multiple spatial resolution images at different scales, field observations have to be collected at the corresponding resolutions to match image values in pixel sizes. Given a study area, however, to save time and cost, field obser...

In situations where a large data set is partitioned into many relatively small groups, and you want to test for group differences, the number of parameters tend to increase with sample size. This fact causes the standard assumptions underlying asymptotic results to be violated. There are (at least) two possible solutions to the problem, first, a random intercepts model, and second, a fixed effe...

Entropy, as a complexity measure, is a fundamental concept for time series analysis. Among many methods, sample entropy (SampEn) has emerged as a robust, powerful measure for quantifying complexity of time series due to its insensitivity to data length and its immunity to noise. Despite its popular use, SampEn is based on the standardized data where the variance is routinely discarded, which ma...

The ]performance of sequence acquisition for Gold sequence based DS-CDMA systems is studied in this paper. We consider the use of a sliding correlator-type structure for the acquisition scheme. Since acquisition of a I’N sequence in DS-CDMA systems can be formulated as testing two simple hypotheses, we apply fixed sample size (FSS) for the synchronization test. The acquisition schemes require t...

In this article, dedicated with admiration and friendship to Chaos and Difference (and hence Recurrence) Equations Guru Saber Elaydi, I give a new approach and a new algorithm for Chomp, David Gale’s celebrated combinatorial game. This work is inspired by Xinyu Sun’s “ultimate-periodicity” conjecture and by its brilliant proof by high-school-student Steven Byrnes. The algorithm is implemented i...

We determined the amount of information needed to estimate watershed-scale transpiration in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) forest from sap flow measurements of individual trees. Measurements of tree biometrics (diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree sapwood area (AS_tree)), and tree-to-tree and radial variations in xylem sap flux density (Fd) were made in two stand plots, an u...

Is the one-to-one continuous image of an open set in R still open? This problem is the so called invariance of domain and, as H. Freudenthal pointed out in his essay on the history of topology [6] (see also [12]), it has been considered of a great importance at the beginning of this (20) century “for it was essential for the justification of the Poincaré continuation method in the theory of aut...

In this paper, we show that the solution to a large class of “tiling” problems is given by a polynomial sequence of binomial type. More specifically, we show that the number of ways to place a fixed set of polyominos on an n × n toroidal chessboard such that no two polyominos overlap is eventually a polynomial in n, and that certain sets of these polynomials satisfy binomial-type recurrences. W...

Isochrons are foliations of phase space that extend the notion of phase of a stable periodic orbit to the basin of attraction of this periodic orbit. Each point in the basin of attraction lies on only one isochron and two points on the same isochron converge to the periodic orbit with the same phase. These properties allow one to define so-called phase models that reduce the dimension of an osc...