The migration characteristics of carbon nanotubes from liquid phase to vapor phase in the refrigerant-based nanofluid pool boiling were investigated experimentally. Four types of carbon nanotubes with the outside diameters from 15 to 80 nm and the lengths from 1.5 to 10 μm were used in the experiments. The refrigerants include R113, R141b and n-pentane. The oil concentration is from 0 to 10 wt....

We examined soil respiration to determine what measurable environmental variables can be used to predict variation in soil respiration rates, spatially and temporally, at a high-elevation, mixed conifer, subalpine forest site at the Niwot Ridge Ameriflux Site in Colorado. For three summers, soil respiration rates were measured using soil collars and a portable gas-exchange system. Transects of ...

The conversion of fixed nitrogen to N2 in suboxic waters is estimated to contribute roughly a third to total oceanic losses of fixed nitrogen and is hence understood to be of major importance to global oceanic production and, therefore, to the role of the ocean as a sink of atmospheric CO2. At present heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic anammox are considered the dominant sinks of fix...

Abstract Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process commonly used for bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas production. It particularly attractive due to its cost-effectiveness low environmental impact. Therefore, this study utilizes coffee waste produce activated carbon in slow pyrolysis reactor at different reaction temperatures residence times. The results obtained show that bio-oil yields tend increase ...

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) from aqueous solution on bamboo activated carbon (BAC) were studied in a fixed bed adsorber. The adsorption equilibrium capacity 2,4-DB BAC increased with decreasing initial pH the maximum 1.61 mol/kg. rate could be best fitted by pseudo first-order model. model based linear driving force approximation (LDFA) ...

[1] We have constructed an inverse estimate of surface fluxes of carbon dioxide using both atmospheric and oceanic observational constraints. This global estimate is spatially resolved into 11 land regions and 11 ocean regions, and is calculated as a temporal mean for the period 1992–1996. The method interprets in situ observations of carbon dioxide concentration in the ocean and atmosphere wit...

Due to criticisms of potential identification issues within spatial panel data models, this study contributes to the literature by comparing forecasts of provincelevel carbon dioxide emissions against empirical reality using dynamic, spatial panel data models with and without fixed effects. From a policy standpoint, understanding how to predict emissions is important for designing climate chang...

Section III of the text discusses the method we use to calculate a coal price index. Here we report the regression results for each region (see Table A.1). We also show the national average for comparison. While the type of coal a power plant purchases may change in response to natural gas prices, we are concerned that the heterogeneity in coal transactions within a plant may also reflect noise...