In this paper, a discount model is proposed to coordinate pricing and ordering decisions in a two-echelon supply chain (SC). Demand is stochastic and price sensitive while lead times are fixed. Decentralized decision making where downstream decides on selling price and order size is investigated. Then, joint pricing and ordering decisions are extracted where both members act as a single entity ...

the six-degree equations of flight in their classic form do not provide a proper physical perception due to a number of interferences. nor do they render visible the important role of attack angles. in this study, attempts have been made to develop a complete set of 3d acceleration equations from the equations of normal and tangential acceleration αn=vωv, αt=v ̇. for this purpose, a coordinate s...

Ply wrinkles are often found in thick laminates and they known to be a major failure cause of composite structures. To assess the criticality ply accurately efficiently, complex wrinkle geometries - which commonly simplified as single sinusoidal, Gaussian or combined function, should described precisely preferably an automated manner. This study presents robust method for geometric reconstructi...