We describe a 47-year-old male patient who presented with symptomatic pulmonary hypertension in association with traumatic peri-renal arteriovenous (AV) fistulae. He developed symptoms and clinical evidence of pulmonary hypertension, and high-output right heart failure long after a left flank stabbing injury 16 years ago. Numerous AV fistulae were illustrated around the atrophic left kidney by ...

A case of a 48 year old woman presenting with bilioptysis due to a cholecystobronchocolic fistula is reported. Bilioptysis is a rare complication of biliary fistulae, with a high mortality due to chemical pneumonitis. Bronchospasm and rapid respiratory failure may ensue if aggressive management is not adopted. The site of fistulation is established by cholangiography, preferably by the percutan...

In most cases Colovesical fistulae are complications of diverticular disease and representing the most common kind of colodigestive fistula; less common are colovaginal, colocutaneous, coloenteric and colouterine fistula. In this article we review the literature concerning colovesical fistulae in colorectal surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis and report on two cases that required a surgical trea...

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxic protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium. BTX therapy is a safe and effective treatment when used for functional silencing of the salivary glands in disorders such as sialoceles and salivary fistulae that may have a post-traumatic or post-operative origin. BTX injections can be considered in sialoceles and salivary fistulae after th...

Carotid cavernous fistulae are usually the consequence of a vascular tear due to head trauma or a ruptured infraclinoid aneurysm. Although rare , iatrogenic carotid cavernous fistulae can result from percutaneous retrogasserian procedures, transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, and thromboembolectomy via a Fogarty catheter [1-3] . Since the first report on the use of Fogarty catheters in 1963 [4], onl...

Even in the modern era of antimicrobial chemotherapy and advanced diagnostic imaging, infective endocarditis continues to surprise, frustrate, and perplex, and remains an evolving disease with a persistently high mortality and morbidity. Almost all aspects of the disease, including its natural history, pre-disposing factors, sequelae, and causative organisms are virtually unrecognizable compare...