this study had two main steps. the first one was introducing and examining the long’s model of needs analysis (na) for distinguishing the general language needs. by doing the first step, we tried to recognize the shortages of long’s model, in the second step to realize the general language needs of persian language learners and find out what language functions are needed to be learned for gener...

The present study was an attempt to investigate the acquisition of negationproperties by Persian monolingual and Kurdish-Persian bilingual learners of Englishacross different levels of language proficiency and within a generative framework.Generative models are generally concerned with issues such as universal grammar(UG), language transfer, and morphological variability in nonprimary languaged...

The pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of language use vary across different situations, languages, and cultures. The separation of these two facets of language use can help to map out the socio-cultural norms and conventions as well as the linguistic forms and strategies that underlie the pragmatic performance of different language speakers in a variety of target language use situatio...

if the target of foreign language teaching is to use the language, communicative language teaching (clt) seems to be an ideal teaching model. the goal of teaching with this method is to use the language as a medium of communication (adi, 2012).the application of the communicative approach in teaching english as a foreign language, however, is associated with some problems that can cause the met...