“The country being wholly his, the king farms out his land not for money but for service, and the people enjoy portions of land from the king and instead of rent they have their several appointments, some are to serve the king in his wars, some in their trades, some serve him for labourers and others are as farmers to furnish his house with the fruits of the ground; and so all things are done w...

Today’s consumers value the knowledge and opinions of others (Lawer and Knox 2006); indeed it is argued that word-of-mouth is replacing traditional mass media in influencing consumer attitudes and brand choice (Urban 2004). Research has suggested that word-ofmouth (WOM) plays an important role in shaping attitudes and behaviours of consumers (Herr et al. 1991). Day (1971) found that WOM was nin...

Coal mine drainage ochre is a ferruginous precipitate that forms from mine water in impacted watercourses and during treatment. With thousands of tonnes per annum of such ochre arising from mine water treatment in the UK alone, management of these wastes is a substantive issue. This paper demonstrates that the ochre from both active and passive treatment of coal mine drainage can be transformed...

Surface coal mining and reclamation methods in the Appalachians have changed dramatically since the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977 and subsequent improvements in mining and reclamation technology. In this study, 30 pre-SMCRA mine soil profiles (4-20 yr old) were examined and sampled in 1980 and compared to 20 mine soil profiles (8-13 yr old) described ...

Efforts to delineate underground mine workings in the vicinity of tailings impoundments has relied on available maps and confirmatory boreholes. Often the characterization of regions between boreholes remains suspect or entirely unknown. Surface geophysical measurements can be used to supplement the borehole data and better delineate these intermediate zones. Furthermore, geophysics can be used...

Oxidation of sulfide-containing ores is the main cause of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), which is an environmental problem associated with both the abandoned and active mines. Iron-bearing sulfide minerals can be oxidized and form mine waters with high sulfate content, low pH, high electrical conductivity, high redox potential, and high concentrations of iron, aluminum, and other heavy metals. In th...

Responsibility was mine The decision to part with my baby girl was the most difficult one I have ever had to make. It took months of talking to myself at night, soul-searching and much heartache, until I arrived at my decision. Of course, welfare workers, almoners and the adoption society made every effort to help, to advise and so on, but the ultimate responsibility was mine and mine alone. If...

The degree of mine burial is a crucial factor in Mine Counter Measure (MCM) mission planning, having a significant effect on sensor range and effectiveness. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide an mine burial prediction fleet aid for operational Navy MCM decision making that incorporates recent research in burial mechanisms and seafloor sediment behavior. This predictive tool should ...

A packing of a graph G with Hamilton cycles is a set of edgedisjoint Hamilton cycles in G. Such packings have been studied intensively and recent results imply that a largest packing of Hamilton cycles in Gn,p a.a.s. has size bδ(Gn,p)/2c. Glebov, Krivelevich and Szabó recently initiated research on the ‘dual’ problem, where one asks for a set of Hamilton cycles covering all edges of G. Our main...

Oguzhan Karatepe1*, Idris Kurtulus1, Orcun Unal1, Orhan Yalcin1, Ahu Kemik2, Gulcin Kamali3, Gokhan Adas1, Muharrem Battal1, Mine Adas1, Hale Ozgun4 and Murat Aksoy5 1Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Department of Surgery 2Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry Okmeydani 3Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology 4Istanbul Technical University, Departmen...